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Congestive Heart Failure Practice Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the definition of congestive heart failure? - ANSWER-Congestive heart failure is the syndrome in which the heart has a reduced ability to fill or pump blood. This leads to a state where the heart is not pumping enough blo...

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  • November 10, 2024
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Congestive Heart Failure Practice

Questions and Answers 100% Pass


What is the definition of congestive heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-Congestive heart failure is the

syndrome in which the heart has a reduced ability to fill or pump blood. This leads to a state where the

heart is not pumping enough blood to get tissues adequate oxygen.


What are the four ways in which heart failure can be classified? - ANSWER✔✔-Heart failure can be

classified as systolic or diastolic, high output or low output, left sided or right sided, and acute or chronic


What are the 6 major risk factors for the development of congestive heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-

Coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and obesity


What is the equation for cardiac output? - ANSWER✔✔-Cardiac output is the heart rate multiplied by

the stroke volume


What is the equation for stroke volume? - ANSWER✔✔-Stroke volume is the end diastolic volume minus

the end systolic volume


What is the definition of preload? - ANSWER✔✔-Preload is the pressure required to distend the ventricle

to a given left ventricular end diastolic volume


What is the definition of afterload? - ANSWER✔✔-Afterload is the dynamic resistance against which the

heart contracts




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What is the pathophysiology of systolic heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-The heart develops decreased

contractility which leads to a decreased ejection fraction. To compensate the body activates the renin-

angiotensin-aldosterone system, the sympathetic nervous system, and released BNP from the ventricles.


What is the pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction? - ANSWER✔✔-In diastolic dysfunction there is a

decrease in ventricular compliance and therefore a difficulty filling.


What are some of the conditions that can lead to decreased ventricular compliance, and therefore to

diastolic heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-Hypertension leading to concentric wall thickening, amyloidosis

and hemochromatosis leading to chamber stiffness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial

ischemia


How does heart failure lead to pulmonary congestion? - ANSWER✔✔-If there is left sided heart failure

there can be a back up of fluid into the lungs


What are some causes of high output heart failure, where the cardiac output is elevated, but the heart

can still not meet metabolic demands? - ANSWER✔✔-Causes of high output heart failure of wet beri

beri, hyperthyroidism, and AV malformation


Most symptoms of heart failure are caused by pulmonary congestion, what are some of these

symptoms? - ANSWER✔✔-Dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough and wheezing


If there is right sided heart failure leading to third spacing what are some other clinical manifestations

that may be observed? - ANSWER✔✔-Peripheral edema and weight gain


What are some of the causes of acute decompensated heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-Myocardial

infarction or arrhythmia, diet or medication non-compliance, illness, and recent bleeding




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