Tourism Grade 11 November Exam Summary Notes covering the following topics: Time Zones, Transportation,
Foreign exchange, Marketing,
Domestic, regional and international tourism,
Customer care and communication,
Attractions,
Sustainable and Responsible Tourism,
Hints and Tips for a successful Tourism Examination
Have the following stationery with you:
Calculator for calculations
Coloured pens for your concept map Highlighter for highlighting key words Manage your
time
Start with your essay (extended writing) or concept map and spend about 30 minutes on
each use the rubrics to guide you as to how much to write
Contents:
Time Zones ................................................................................................................................ 2
Transportation ........................................................................................................................... 6
Foreign exchange ................................................................................................................... 17
Marketing................................................................................................................................. 19
Domestic, regional and international tourism ...................................................................... 25
Customer care and communication ..................................................................................... 31
Attractions ............................................................................................................................... 34
Sustainable and Responsible Tourism .................................................................................. 37
,Time Zones
Time Zones
Definition:
• A time zone is a region of the Earth that has the same standard time. Time zones
are defined by the difference in hours and minutes from Coordinated Universal
Time (UTC).
Identifying Time Zones:
• Familiarize yourself with the world time zone map. Each time zone is typically one
hour ahead or behind its neighboring zones.
• Note the key time zones, especially UTC offsets:
o UTC-2: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
o UTC-1: Azores, Cape Verde
o UTC±0: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), London
o UTC+1: Central European Time (CET), West Africa Time (WAT)
o UTC+2: South Africa, Central Africa Time (CAT), Eastern European Time
(EET)
o UTC+3: Moscow Time, East Africa Time (EAT)
o UTC+4: Gulf Standard Time, Azerbaijan Standard Time
o UTC+5: Pakistan Standard Time, Uzbekistan Standard Time
, o UTC+6: Bangladesh Standard Time, Bhutan Time
o UTC+7: Indochina Time (ICT), Cambodia, Vietnam
o UTC+8: China Standard Time, Singapore Time
o UTC+9: Japan Standard Time (JST), Korea Standard Time (KST)
o UTC+10: Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST)
o UTC+11: Solomon Islands Time
o UTC+12: Fiji Time
Daylight Saving Time (DST)
Definition:
• Daylight Saving Time is the practice of moving the clock forward by one hour
during the warmer months to extend evening daylight.
Reasons for Using Daylight Saving Time:
1. Energy Conservation: Longer daylight hours in the evening can reduce the need
for artificial lighting and thus save energy.
2. Increased Daylight for Activities: Extended daylight encourages outdoor leisure
activities after work and school.
3. Economic Benefits: More daylight in the evening can boost retail sales and
tourism.
4. Traffic Safety: Studies suggest that more daylight during the evening can reduce
traffic accidents.
Calculations for Daylight Saving Time:
• DST typically begins in the spring and ends in the fall. Clocks are set forward by
one hour in spring ("spring forward") and set back by one hour in autumn ("fall
back").
Time Calculations
Flight Times and Working Backwards from Arrival Time:
1. Flight Times:
o To calculate the duration of a flight, subtract the departure time from the
arrival time. Ensure both times are converted to the same time zone
before doing the calculation.
2. Working Backwards:
o To determine the departure time from the arrival time:
, ▪ Start with the arrival time.
▪ Subtract the flight duration.
▪ Adjust for any time zone differences.
Example:
• Flight Details:
o Departure: Cape Town (UTC+2) at 10:00 AM
o Arrival: London (UTC±0) at 4:00 PM
Step-by-Step Calculation:
1. Convert Arrival Time to Departure Time Zone:
o 4:00 PM in London is 6:00 PM in Cape Town (2 hours ahead).
2. Subtract Flight Duration:
o If the flight duration is 10 hours, you would subtract:
o 6:00 PM - 10 hours = 8:00 AM (Cape Town time)
3. Conclusion:
o The flight departs Cape Town at 8:00 AM.
Key Points to Remember
• Always adjust times based on the respective time zones.
• Be aware of Daylight Saving Time changes.
• Use a 24-hour clock for clarity in calculations.
• Practice with different scenarios to improve your understanding.
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