RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM STUDY REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Function of mitochondria - Answer-ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - Answer-That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - Answer-That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - Answer-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the
regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular
level
Hypertrophy - Answer-increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - Answer-the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline
or failure; to waste away
Ischemia - Answer-an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - Answer-Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - Answer-Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
Epinephrine - Answer-Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - Answer-hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - Answer--reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
, Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - Answer-edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - Answer-Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - Answer-- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - Answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - Answer-Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
active transport - Answer-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - Answer-cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution - Answer-cell swells and can burst
active immunity - Answer-A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - Answer-An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk
Examples of active immunity - Answer-natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - Answer-IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - Answer-Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly
specific.
examples of acquired immunity - Answer-1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - Answer-Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from
birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
EXAM STUDY REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Function of mitochondria - Answer-ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - Answer-That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - Answer-That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - Answer-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the
regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular
level
Hypertrophy - Answer-increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - Answer-the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline
or failure; to waste away
Ischemia - Answer-an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - Answer-Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - Answer-Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
Epinephrine - Answer-Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - Answer-hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - Answer--reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
, Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - Answer-edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - Answer-Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - Answer-- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - Answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - Answer-Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
active transport - Answer-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - Answer-cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution - Answer-cell swells and can burst
active immunity - Answer-A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - Answer-An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk
Examples of active immunity - Answer-natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - Answer-IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - Answer-Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly
specific.
examples of acquired immunity - Answer-1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - Answer-Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from
birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
