"Type 1" problems, as discussed in lecture, are problems for
which we don't know where to start to answer them, or even
(sometimes) whether they could be answered. Which of the
following is an example of such a problem? Correct Answer
What's the purpose (if any) of our existence as human beings?
A dendrite serves what purpose in a (prototypical) brain cell?
Correct Answer Detecting inputs from other cells and
contributing that information to the cell's decision.
Among Polya's problem-solving heuristics is the suggestion
"Look for a related problem that you know." Why might this be
an interesting or challenging suggestion for a computational
problem solving system? Correct Answer Pursuing this
heuristic would involve tackling the notion of similarities or
analogies between various (superficially distinct) problems.
As a very first step in treating vision as a computational
problem, we can think of a retinal image as: Correct Answer
An array of pixels, where each pixel denotes a light intensity
value.
As discussed in lecture (both this week and earlier in the
course), one of the early tenets of cognitive science is that:
Correct Answer Software : Hardware :: Mind : Brain
As we have seen, many puzzle-like problems can be represented
in a graph ("problem space") format. Which of the following is
,not (typically) true of this sort of format? Correct Answer
Problem space graphs always have astronomical-size (or
infinite) numbers of vertices (states) among which to search.
Based on our discussion of mental imagery, which of the
following would you expect to be difficult / impossible? Correct
Answer Imagining a crowded bus and counting the number of
passengers.
Before William Harvey promoted the analogy that the heart is
like a pump, most physicians followed the classical analogy (due
to Galen). Using the Web a source of research, answer: which of
the following does not characterize Galen's model of the heart?
Correct Answer The heart is soft tissue.
Besides binocular vision, which of the following is not a cue to
the distance between you and objects that you are looking at?
Correct Answer Living objects are generally closer than are
inanimate objects, so if you see an animal or plant you have
reason to believe it's close.
Broca's area was discovered to be important in speech through
which methodology? Correct Answer Studying the speech
response patterns of brain injury patients with damage in that
area.
Consider again the "$300 bonus" scenario. In what important
sense are the two alternative choices (one with a $300 bonus,
and one with a $500 bonus) identical? Correct Answer They
both involve a choice between a sure $400 and an even-money
gamble between $300 and $500.
, Consider the "10 coins in three cups" problem given at:
https://curiosity.com/topics/can-you-solve-the-3-cups-10-coins-
logic-puzzle-curiosity/
What might make this difficult to solve with a computational
system? Correct Answer A "standard" search program assumes
a particular representation of the problem, while this particular
problem involves finding a creative reconsideration of the
problem statement itself.
Consider the "monkey climbing a rope" problem given at:
https://activityworkshop.net/puzzlesgames/monkey/index.html
What makes this problem difficult? Correct Answer The
problem involves elements of physics knowledge and (most
likely) mental simulation and imagery.
Consider the "sand timers" problem (Problem 4) at the following
website:
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/07/20-challenging-
job-interview-puzzles-which-every-analyst-solve-atleast/
What can you say about this problem? Correct Answer This
problem seems, in fact, amenable to a "standard" problem-space
representation, and to solution via search.
Consider the bowling-ball-and-ping-pong-ball problem shown in
lecture. What makes this problem interesting for our purposes?
Correct Answer One can get an exact solution by solving the
physics equations, but it's much easier to visualize a rough
solution by making a reasonable approximation first.
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