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Clínica y sanidad de animales exóticos y alternativos
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Apuntes de la asignatura de Clínica y Sanidad de Animales Exóticos y Alternativos de la Universidad de Lleida
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Clínica y sanidad de exóticosDoble Grado en Veterinaria y Producción Animal
Carmen Albaladejo Ramos
,Índice
1. Características de la medicina y cirugía de los animales exóticos ...................................................... 5
1.1. Pacientes .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. Manejo ................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3. Limitaciones .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4. Aspectos legales .................................................................................................................................... 6
2. Medicina y cirugía de peces ............................................................................................................. 9
2.1. Repaso de anatomía y fisiología............................................................................................................. 9
2.2. Enfermedades frecuentes .................................................................................................................... 11
3. Medicina y cirugía de anfibios ........................................................................................................ 15
3.1. Anatomía y fisiología ........................................................................................................................... 16
3.2. Enfermedades frecuentes .................................................................................................................... 17
4. Medicina y cirugía de los reptiles ................................................................................................... 19
4.1. Taxonomía .......................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2. Sexaje ................................................................................................................................................. 20
4.3. Anatomía y fisiología ........................................................................................................................... 21
4.4. Toma de muestras y administración de fármacos ................................................................................. 24
4.5. Importancia del manejo ...................................................................................................................... 25
4.6. Enfermedades de los quelonios ........................................................................................................... 25
4.6.1. Piel .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.6.2. Respiratorio ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
4.6.3. Urinario ................................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.6.4. Reproductivo .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
4.6.5. Digestivo ................................................................................................................................................................. 30
4.7. Enfermedades de los saurios ............................................................................................................... 32
4.7.1. Piel .......................................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.8. Enfermedades de los ofidios ................................................................................................................ 34
4.8.1. Asociadas al manejo ............................................................................................................................................... 34
4.8.2. Infecciosas .............................................................................................................................................................. 34
4.9. Anestesia y cirugía .............................................................................................................................. 35
5. Medicina y cirugía de aves ............................................................................................................. 38
5.1. Piel y anexos ....................................................................................................................................... 38
5.2. Digestivo ............................................................................................................................................. 38
5.3. Urinario y reproductivo ....................................................................................................................... 39
5.4. Cloaca ................................................................................................................................................. 40
5.5. Respiratorio ........................................................................................................................................ 40
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, 5.6. Sistema musculoesquelético ................................................................................................................ 42
5.7. Especies más frecuentes en la clínica ................................................................................................... 42
5.8. Patología digestiva .............................................................................................................................. 44
5.9. Patología reproductiva ........................................................................................................................ 50
5.10. Problemas del pollito ....................................................................................................................... 52
5.11. Problemas dermatológicos............................................................................................................... 54
5.12. Problemas de comportamiento ........................................................................................................ 56
5.13. Analgesia......................................................................................................................................... 57
5.14. Consideraciones previas .................................................................................................................. 58
5.15. Protocolos ....................................................................................................................................... 58
5.16. Monitorización ................................................................................................................................ 59
5.17. Celiotomía ....................................................................................................................................... 59
6. Medicina y cirugía de los conejos ................................................................................................... 61
6.1. Biología............................................................................................................................................... 61
6.2. Patología digestiva .............................................................................................................................. 65
6.3. Patología respiratoria .......................................................................................................................... 67
6.4. Patología uterina................................................................................................................................. 69
6.5. Problemas neurológicos – síndrome vestibular .................................................................................... 69
6.6. Problemas urinarios ............................................................................................................................ 71
7. Medicina y cirugía de los hurones .................................................................................................. 72
7.1. Patología respiratoria .......................................................................................................................... 74
7.2. Patología digestiva .............................................................................................................................. 74
7.3. Patología endocrina ............................................................................................................................ 76
7.4. Otros .................................................................................................................................................. 78
8. Medicina y cirugía de los roedores ................................................................................................. 79
8.1. Patología respiratoria .......................................................................................................................... 80
8.2. Patología digestiva ............................................................................................................................. 81
8.3. Patología reproductiva ........................................................................................................................ 81
8.4. Otros .................................................................................................................................................. 82
9. Medicina y cirugía en otros mamíferos ........................................................................................... 83
9.1. Anestesia: Consideraciones previas ..................................................................................................... 83
9.2. Analgesia ............................................................................................................................................ 84
9.3. Protocolos anestésicos ........................................................................................................................ 84
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, 9.4. Monitorización .................................................................................................................................... 84
9.5. Cirugía ................................................................................................................................................ 85
A. Seminario sobre colectividades y núcleos zoológicos ...................................................................... 87
a. Colectividades ........................................................................................................................................ 87
b. Núcleo zoológico..................................................................................................................................... 89
B. Peces ............................................................................................................................................. 91
a. El agua.................................................................................................................................................... 91
b. Los peces ................................................................................................................................................ 92
C. Manejo y técnicas clínicas en quelonios .......................................................................................... 94
a. Anatomía................................................................................................................................................ 94
b. Puntos de inyección ................................................................................................................................ 94
c. Sonda esofagostomía .............................................................................................................................. 95
D. Luz UV-B, calcio y vitamina D ......................................................................................................... 96
a. Patologías en aves .................................................................................................................................. 96
b. Patologías en reptiles .............................................................................................................................. 96
c. Patologías en mamíferos ......................................................................................................................... 97
d. Bombillas uvb ......................................................................................................................................... 97
e. Dieta ...................................................................................................................................................... 98
f. Recomendaciones ................................................................................................................................... 99
E. Estudio del frotis .......................................................................................................................... 100
a. Recuentos y métodos ............................................................................................................................ 100
b. Examen del frotis .................................................................................................................................. 101
F. Diagnóstico por imagen ............................................................................................................... 104
a. Radiología ............................................................................................................................................ 104
b. Ecografía............................................................................................................................................... 110
c. Endoscopia ........................................................................................................................................... 111
d. Avanzado.............................................................................................................................................. 112
G. Casos clínicos ............................................................................................................................... 114
a. Caso clínico 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 114
b. Caso clínico 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 115
c. Caso clínico 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 115
d. Caso clínico 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 116
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