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Clínicas y sanidad de animales silvestres y salvajes
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Apuntes de la asignatura de Clínica y Sanidad de Animales Silvestres y Salvajes de la Universidad de Lleida
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Clínica y sanidad de animalessilvestres
Doble Grado en Veterinaria y Producción Animal
Carmen Albaladejo Ramos
,Índice
1. Terminología y conceptos básicos de ecología/biología .................................................................... 6
1.1. ¿Cómo crece una población? ................................................................................................................. 8
1.2. Variaciones poblaciones ....................................................................................................................... 9
1.3. Regulación de una población ............................................................................................................... 10
1.4. Viabilidad y conservación de las poblaciones ....................................................................................... 11
1.5. La enfermedad y la dinámica de las poblaciones .................................................................................. 12
2. Métodos de captura....................................................................................................................... 14
2.1. Métodos de captura física ................................................................................................................... 15
2.2. Métodos de captura química o teleanestesia ....................................................................................... 24
2.3. Anestésicos y antagonistas .................................................................................................................. 28
2.4. Combinaciones anestésicas por especies.............................................................................................. 29
3. Manejo post-captura ..................................................................................................................... 31
3.1. Sujeción e inmovilización..................................................................................................................... 31
3.2. Planificación........................................................................................................................................ 33
3.3. Patologías asociadas a la captura ......................................................................................................... 33
3.3.1. Traumatismos ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.2. Miopatía de captura ............................................................................................................................................... 33
3.4. Uso de tranquilizantes para reducir las consecuencias patológicas del estrés ........................................ 36
3.5. Traslado de especies salvajes: Marcaje y seguimiento .......................................................................... 37
3.5.1. Introducción............................................................................................................................................................ 37
3.5.2. Reintroducción........................................................................................................................................................ 38
3.5.3. Repoblación ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
3.6. Antes del transporte............................................................................................................................ 38
3.7. Aspectos de manejo ........................................................................................................................... 39
3.8. Liberación ........................................................................................................................................... 41
3.9. Riesgos de los traslados y la liberación ................................................................................................. 42
3.10. Antes del transporte ........................................................................................................................ 42
3.11. Durante el transporte ...................................................................................................................... 44
3.12. Después del transporte .................................................................................................................... 44
3.13. Impactos ......................................................................................................................................... 44
3.14. Ejemplos ......................................................................................................................................... 44
4. Centros de recuperación................................................................................................................. 48
5. Patologías de los ungulados: Rumiantes ........................................................................................ 51
5.1. Enfermedades víricas .......................................................................................................................... 51
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, 5.1.1. Pestevirosis del rebeco pirenaico ........................................................................................................................... 51
5.1.2. Ectima contagioso ................................................................................................................................................... 52
5.1.3. Lengua azul (LA) y enfermedad epizoótica hemorrágica (EEH) .............................................................................. 52
5.1.4. Otras enfermedades víricas descritas ..................................................................................................................... 52
5.2. Enfermedades bacterianas .................................................................................................................. 53
5.2.1. Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................................................................ 53
5.2.2. Brucelosis ................................................................................................................................................................ 53
5.2.3. Paratuberculosis ..................................................................................................................................................... 54
5.2.4. Infección por Pasteurella ........................................................................................................................................ 54
5.2.5. Pseudotuberculosis o linfadenitis caseosa ............................................................................................................. 54
5.2.6. Queratoconjuntivitis infecciosa .............................................................................................................................. 54
5.3. Enfermedades fúngicas........................................................................................................................ 55
5.3.1. Dermatofitosis o tiña .............................................................................................................................................. 55
5.4. Otras enfermedades infecciosas .......................................................................................................... 55
5.4.1. Enfermedades parasitarias ..................................................................................................................................... 55
5.4.2. Endoparasitosis .................................................................................................................................................. 56
5.4.3. Sarna sarcóptica ................................................................................................................................................. 56
5.4.4. Cenurosis ............................................................................................................................................................ 58
5.4.5. Estridosis del corzo ............................................................................................................................................. 58
5.4.6. Hipodermosis ..................................................................................................................................................... 59
5.4.7. Otras enfermedades y anormalidades/afecciones ................................................................................................. 59
6. Patologías de los ungulados: Jabalíes ............................................................................................. 60
6.1. Enfermedades víricas .......................................................................................................................... 60
6.1.1. Enfermedad de Aujeszky o pseudorrabia ............................................................................................................... 60
6.1.2. Peste porcina clásica (PPC) ..................................................................................................................................... 61
6.1.3. Peste porcina africana (PPA)................................................................................................................................... 61
6.1.4. Influenza ................................................................................................................................................................. 61
6.1.5. Circovirosis porcina ................................................................................................................................................. 61
6.1.6. Otras enfermedades víricas .................................................................................................................................... 61
6.2. Enfermedades bacterianas .................................................................................................................. 62
6.2.1. Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
6.2.2. Brucelosis ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
6.2.3. Otras enfermedades bacterianas ........................................................................................................................... 63
6.3. Enfermedades parasitarias .................................................................................................................. 63
6.3.1. Triquinosis............................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.3.2. Endoparasitosis ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
6.4. Otras enfermedades y anormalidades.................................................................................................. 65
7. Patologías de los lagomorfos ......................................................................................................... 66
7.1. Enfermedades víricas de los conejos .................................................................................................... 68
7.1.1. Mixomatosis ........................................................................................................................................................... 68
7.1.2. Enfermedad vírica hemorrágica.............................................................................................................................. 70
7.2. Enfermedades parasitarias de los conejos ............................................................................................ 72
7.2.1. Sarna sarcóptica...................................................................................................................................................... 72
7.3. Enfermedades de la liebre ................................................................................................................... 73
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, 7.3.1. Síndrome de la liebre parda ................................................................................................................................... 73
7.3.2. Turalemia ................................................................................................................................................................ 74
7.3.3. Brucelosis ................................................................................................................................................................ 74
7.3.4. Pseudotuberculosis................................................................................................................................................. 75
7.3.5. Pasteurelosis ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
7.4. A tener en cuenta en lagomorfos ........................................................................................................ 76
8. Patologías de los carnívoros ........................................................................................................... 77
8.1. Enfermedades víricas .......................................................................................................................... 77
8.1.1. Moquillo.................................................................................................................................................................. 77
8.1.2. Rabia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 78
8.1.3. Enteritis por parvovirus canino ............................................................................................................................... 79
8.1.4. Enfermedad aleutiana ............................................................................................................................................ 80
8.1.5. Leucemia felina ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
8.1.6. Influenza ................................................................................................................................................................. 81
8.1.7. Otras enfermedades víricas .................................................................................................................................... 81
8.2. Enfermedades bacterianas .................................................................................................................. 81
8.2.1. Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................................................................ 81
8.2.2. Peste bubónica o selvática...................................................................................................................................... 81
8.2.3. Anthrax ................................................................................................................................................................... 81
8.2.4. Otras enfermedades bacterianas ........................................................................................................................... 81
8.3. Enfermedades parasitarias .................................................................................................................. 82
8.3.1. Sarna sarcóptica...................................................................................................................................................... 82
8.3.2. Teniasis ................................................................................................................................................................... 83
8.3.3. Echinococcosis ........................................................................................................................................................ 83
8.3.4. Larva migrans cerebral ........................................................................................................................................... 83
8.3.5. Otras enfermedades parasitarias ........................................................................................................................... 84
8.4. Enfermedades fúngicas........................................................................................................................ 84
8.5. Otros males de los carnívoros .............................................................................................................. 84
9. Patologías de las aves .................................................................................................................... 85
9.1. Enfermedades víricas .......................................................................................................................... 85
9.1.1. Influenza aviar ........................................................................................................................................................ 85
9.1.2. Enfermedad de Newcastle ...................................................................................................................................... 86
9.1.3. Fiebre del Nilo, Usutu y Bagaza .............................................................................................................................. 87
9.1.4. Herpesvirus aviar: Enteritis viral de los patos ......................................................................................................... 89
9.1.5. Viruela aviar ............................................................................................................................................................ 90
9.2. Enfermedades bacterianas .................................................................................................................. 91
9.2.1. Salmonelosis (Salmonella enterica) ........................................................................................................................ 91
9.2.2. Cólera aviar (Pasteurella multocida)....................................................................................................................... 91
9.2.3. Micobacteriosis o tuberculosis aviar (Mycobacterium avium) ............................................................................... 92
9.2.4. Clamidiosis (Chlamydophila psittaci) ...................................................................................................................... 94
9.2.5. Micoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum) .......................................................................................................... 94
9.3. Enfermedades fúngicas: Aspergilosis.................................................................................................... 95
9.4. Enfermedades parasitarias .................................................................................................................. 95
9.4.1. Tricomoniasis .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
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