Exam (elaborations)
ASQ GREEN BELT EXAM 2024/2025
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ASQ GREEN BELT EXAM 2024/2025
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ASQ GREEN BELT EXAM 2024/2025acceptance number - Precise Answer ✔✔The maximum number of defects or defectives allowable in a
sampling lot for the lot to be acceptable.
acceptance quality limit (AQL) - Precise Answer ✔✔In a continuing series of lots, a quality level that, for
the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process average.
acceptance sampling - Precise Answer ✔✔Inspection of a sample from a lot to decide whether to accept
that lot. There are two types: attributes sampling and variables sampling. In attributes sampling, the
presence or absence of a characteristic is noted in each of the units inspected. In variables sampling, the
numerical magnitude of a characteristic is measured and recorded for each inspected unit; this involves
reference to a continuous scale of some kind.
acceptance sampling plan - Precise Answer ✔✔A specific plan that indicates the sampling sizes and
associated acceptance or nonacceptance criteria to be used. In attributes sampling, for example, there
are single, double, multiple, sequential, chain, and skip-lot sampling plans. In variables sampling, there
are single, double, and sequential sampling plans. For detailed descriptions of these plans, see the
standard ANSI/ISO/ASQ A3534-2-1993: Statistics—Vocabulary and symbols— Statistical quality control.
accuracy - Precise Answer ✔✔The closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result
and the accepted/true value.2
activity based costing - Precise Answer ✔✔An accounting system that assigns costs to a product based
on the amount of resources used to design, order, or make it.
activity network diagram - Precise Answer ✔✔A diagram that links tasks with direct arrows showing the
path through the task list. Tasks are linked when a task is dependent on a preceding task. (AKA arrow
diagram.) Included with parallel activity paths
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) - Precise Answer ✔✔High-level automotive process for
product realization, from design through production part approval.
,affinity diagram - Precise Answer ✔✔A management tool for organizing information (usually gathered
during a brainstorming activity) into categories. To group ideas for a new or potentially complex problem,
a team would most likely employ:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - Precise Answer ✔✔A private, nonprofit organization that
administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It is
the U.S. member body in the International Organization for Standardization, known as ISO.
American Society for Quality (ASQ) - Precise Answer ✔✔A global community of people dedicated to
quality who share the ideas and tools that make our world work better. With individual and
organizational members around the world, ASQ has the reputation and reach to bring together the
diverse quality champions who are transforming the world's corporations, organizations, and
communities to meet tomorrow's critical challenges.
analysis of means (ANOM) - Precise Answer ✔✔A statistical procedure for troubleshooting industrial
processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with factors at fixed levels. It provides a
graphical display of data. Ellis R. Ott developed the procedure in 1967 because he observed that
nonstatisticians had difficulty understanding analysis of variance. Analysis of means is easier for quality
practitioners to use because it is an extension of the control chart. In 1973, Edward G. Schilling further
extended the concept, enabling analysis of means to be used with nonnormal distributions and
attributes data in which the normal approximation to the binomial distribution does not apply. This is
referred to as analysis of means for treatment effects.
analysis of variance (ANOVA) - Precise Answer ✔✔A basic statistical technique for determining the
proportion of influence a factor or set of factors has on total variation. It subdivides the total variation of
a data set into meaningful component parts associated with specific sources of variation to test a
hypothesis on the parameters of the model or to estimate variance components. There are three
models: fixed, random, and mixed. Alternative hypothesis is valid for one way Anova is at least one of the
group means is different.
analytical (inferential) studies - Precise Answer ✔✔A set of techniques used to arrive at a conclusion
about a population based upon the information contained in a sample taken from that population.
arrow diagram - Precise Answer ✔✔A planning tool used to diagram a sequence of events or activities
(nodes) and their interconnectivity. It is used for scheduling and especially for determining the critical
path through nodes. (AKA activity network diagram.)
,assignable cause - Precise Answer ✔✔A name for the source of variation in a process that is not due to
chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated. Also called "special cause."
attributes (discrete) data - Precise Answer ✔✔Go/no-go information. The control charts based on
attributes data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count chart, count per unit chart,
quality score chart, and demerit chart.
attributes, method of - Precise Answer ✔✔Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the
presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration and
counting how many units do (or do not) possess it. Example: go/no-go gauging of a dimension.
audit - Precise Answer ✔✔The on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a
product, process, or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. Glossary 561 An audit can
apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a product, function, process, or production step.
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) - Precise Answer ✔✔A global automotive trade association
with about 1600 member companies that focuses on common business processes, implementation
guidelines, education, and training.
average chart - Precise Answer ✔✔A control chart in which the subgroup average, x -, is used to evaluate
the stability of the process level.
average outgoing quality (AOQ) - Precise Answer ✔✔The expected average quality level of an outgoing
product for a given value of incoming product quality.
average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) - Precise Answer ✔✔The maximum average outgoing quality over
all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling plan and disposal specification.
average run length (ARL) - Precise Answer ✔✔On a control chart, the number of subgroups expected to
be inspected before a shift in magnitude takes place.
average sample number (ASN) - Precise Answer ✔✔The average number of sample units inspected per
lot when reaching decisions to accept or reject.
, average total inspection (ATI) - Precise Answer ✔✔The average number of units inspected per lot,
including all units in rejected lots. Applicable when the procedure calls for 100 percent inspection of
rejected lots.
balanced scorecard - Precise Answer ✔✔A management system that provides feedback on both internal
business processes and external outcomes to continuously improve strategic performance and results.
Four dimensions are: Financial, Customer, Internal process and Innovation
Baldrige Award - Precise Answer ✔✔See Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. baseline
measurement—The beginning point, based on an evaluation of output over a period of time, used to
determine the process parameters prior to any improvement effort; the basis against which change is
measured.
batch and queue - Precise Answer ✔✔Producing more than one piece and then moving the pieces to the
next operation before they are needed.
Bayes's theorem - Precise Answer ✔✔A formula to calculate conditional probabilities by relating the
conditional and marginal probability distributions of random variables.
benchmarking - Precise Answer ✔✔A technique in which a company measures its performance against
that of best-in-class companies, determines how those companies achieved their performance levels,
and uses the information to improve its own performance. Subjects that can be benchmarked include
strategies, operations, and processes.
benefit-cost analysis - Precise Answer ✔✔An examination of the relationship between the monetary cost
of implementing an improvement and the monetary value of the benefits achieved by the improvement,
both within the same time period. 562 Glossary
bias - Precise Answer ✔✔The influence in a sample of a factor that causes the data population or
process being sampled to appear different from what it actually is, typically in a specific direction.3
binomial distribution - Precise Answer ✔✔A discrete distribution that is applicable whenever an
experiment consists of n independent Bernoulli trials and the probability of an outcome, say, success, is
constant throughout the experiment.1
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