ITLS test review
Hypoxemia - answer The most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the trauma
patient
Cardiac output - answer Heart rate x stroke volume
Shock - answer Condition that occurs when perfusion of the bodies tissues with oxygen,
glucose, electrolytes and fluid becomes inadequate.
Compensated shock - answer Weakness, lightheaded, pallor, tachy, diaphoresis,
tachypnea, decreased urine output, weak peripheral pulses
Decompensated shock - answer Hypotension, altered mental status, cardiac arrest
Early shock - answer Loss of 15-25% of blood volume, tachy, pallor, narrowed pulse
pressure, thirst, weakness
Late shock - answer Loss of 30-45% blood loss, hypotension. Bodies ability to
compensate has failed
Pressence of tachycardia - answerTachycardia in the resting patient is always an
indication something medically wrong or possibly occult hemorhage.
Whats considered tachycardia? - answerAbove 100 in an adult and higher in younger
ages
Low volume shock - answerabsolute hypovolemia, caused by a Weak, thready
pulse,rapid rate,hemorhage, or other major body fluid loss
High space shock - answerrelative hypovolemia, caused by spinal injury, vasovagal
syncope, sepsis and certain drug overdoses, normal weak pulse
Mechanical shock - answercardiogenic shock, also known as obstructive shock, caused
by pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary embolism, or
weakened heart muscle(like myocardial contusion or infarction)
whats the #1 cause of preventable death from injury? - answerhemorrhagic shock
hypovolemic shock signs and symptoms - answertachycardia, pale, and have flat neck
veins
"vasodilatory shock" - answerrelative hypovolemia or high space shock
, Neurogenic Shock signs and symptoms - answerDecreased blood pressure, heart rate
will be normal or slow and the skin is usually warm, dry and pink. The patient may also
have accompanying parylisis and/or sensory deficits.
tension pneumothorax - answerHigh air tension that may sometimes develop in the
pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. It prevents venous return to the
heart causing JVD and tracheal deviation
Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade - answerblood fills the space between the
heart and the pericardium squeezing the heart and preventing the heart from filling.
Causes cardiac output to fall resulting in shock.
"Becks Triad" - answersigns and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade: Shock, Muffled
Heart Tones, Narrowed Pulse Pressures and JVD. (Normal Lung sounds!)
Myocardial Contusion - answerHeart loses pumping ability due to direct injury to the
heart muscle and cardiac dysrhythmias. Rapid Transport and cardiac monitoring!
for Cyanosis to occur - answera patient must have 5 grams of deoxygenated
hemoglobin per 100cc of blood
What is the optimal pulse oximetry reading for patients at risk of shock - answer95%
What is the fluid bolus for a patient with shock symptoms? - answer20 mL/KG IV
Last Resort for bleeding that cant be controlled with a tourniquet(groin, face, neck,
scalp, axilla)? - answerhemostatic agents such as Quickclot
Location for decompression of a tension pneumothorax? - answerabove the 3rd rib,
midclavicular
2 situations that require modification of the usual SMR? - answer1) Patient whom is in
immediate danger of death due to hostile enviroment 2) Immediate life threatening
position in a structure or vehicle
Emergency Rescue - answersituations where there is immediate enviromental threat to
the life of the victim or rescuer. Patients should be moved to a safe area in a manner
that puts the rescuer at the least risk.(1-2 seconds)
Rapid Extrication - answershould be considered for patients whose medical conditions
or situations require fast intervention to prevent death(1-2 Minutes)
decorticate posturing - answerarms flexed, legs extended ominous sign of cerebral
hemispheric or brain stem injury
Hypoxemia - answer The most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the trauma
patient
Cardiac output - answer Heart rate x stroke volume
Shock - answer Condition that occurs when perfusion of the bodies tissues with oxygen,
glucose, electrolytes and fluid becomes inadequate.
Compensated shock - answer Weakness, lightheaded, pallor, tachy, diaphoresis,
tachypnea, decreased urine output, weak peripheral pulses
Decompensated shock - answer Hypotension, altered mental status, cardiac arrest
Early shock - answer Loss of 15-25% of blood volume, tachy, pallor, narrowed pulse
pressure, thirst, weakness
Late shock - answer Loss of 30-45% blood loss, hypotension. Bodies ability to
compensate has failed
Pressence of tachycardia - answerTachycardia in the resting patient is always an
indication something medically wrong or possibly occult hemorhage.
Whats considered tachycardia? - answerAbove 100 in an adult and higher in younger
ages
Low volume shock - answerabsolute hypovolemia, caused by a Weak, thready
pulse,rapid rate,hemorhage, or other major body fluid loss
High space shock - answerrelative hypovolemia, caused by spinal injury, vasovagal
syncope, sepsis and certain drug overdoses, normal weak pulse
Mechanical shock - answercardiogenic shock, also known as obstructive shock, caused
by pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary embolism, or
weakened heart muscle(like myocardial contusion or infarction)
whats the #1 cause of preventable death from injury? - answerhemorrhagic shock
hypovolemic shock signs and symptoms - answertachycardia, pale, and have flat neck
veins
"vasodilatory shock" - answerrelative hypovolemia or high space shock
, Neurogenic Shock signs and symptoms - answerDecreased blood pressure, heart rate
will be normal or slow and the skin is usually warm, dry and pink. The patient may also
have accompanying parylisis and/or sensory deficits.
tension pneumothorax - answerHigh air tension that may sometimes develop in the
pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. It prevents venous return to the
heart causing JVD and tracheal deviation
Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade - answerblood fills the space between the
heart and the pericardium squeezing the heart and preventing the heart from filling.
Causes cardiac output to fall resulting in shock.
"Becks Triad" - answersigns and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade: Shock, Muffled
Heart Tones, Narrowed Pulse Pressures and JVD. (Normal Lung sounds!)
Myocardial Contusion - answerHeart loses pumping ability due to direct injury to the
heart muscle and cardiac dysrhythmias. Rapid Transport and cardiac monitoring!
for Cyanosis to occur - answera patient must have 5 grams of deoxygenated
hemoglobin per 100cc of blood
What is the optimal pulse oximetry reading for patients at risk of shock - answer95%
What is the fluid bolus for a patient with shock symptoms? - answer20 mL/KG IV
Last Resort for bleeding that cant be controlled with a tourniquet(groin, face, neck,
scalp, axilla)? - answerhemostatic agents such as Quickclot
Location for decompression of a tension pneumothorax? - answerabove the 3rd rib,
midclavicular
2 situations that require modification of the usual SMR? - answer1) Patient whom is in
immediate danger of death due to hostile enviroment 2) Immediate life threatening
position in a structure or vehicle
Emergency Rescue - answersituations where there is immediate enviromental threat to
the life of the victim or rescuer. Patients should be moved to a safe area in a manner
that puts the rescuer at the least risk.(1-2 seconds)
Rapid Extrication - answershould be considered for patients whose medical conditions
or situations require fast intervention to prevent death(1-2 Minutes)
decorticate posturing - answerarms flexed, legs extended ominous sign of cerebral
hemispheric or brain stem injury
