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Geog 274 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions

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Geog 274 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions soil - ANSWER-dynamic natural material composed of water, air, minerals, and organic matter. Non renewable why soil is important - ANSWER-important for ecosytems, serves as a habitat for microbes, source of nutrients, stores greenhouse gases biosphere...

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  • November 11, 2024
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Geog 274 Final Exam Study Guide

Solutions


soil - ANSWER✔✔-dynamic natural material composed of water, air, minerals, and organic matter. Non

renewable


why soil is important - ANSWER✔✔-important for ecosytems, serves as a habitat for microbes, source of

nutrients, stores greenhouse gases


biosphere - ANSWER✔✔-living organisms and their environment, open system driven by solar radiation


ecosystem - ANSWER✔✔-self sustaining plant/animal and nonliving environment, open system


Natural Soil Formation Factors - ANSWER✔✔-addition, translocation, topography, biological activity,

time, removal


addition - ANSWER✔✔-weathering of rocks provides raw material for soil


translocation - ANSWER✔✔-movement of material down the soil horizions


edaphosphere - ANSWER✔✔-soil layer


soil building takes - ANSWER✔✔-100 years/cm


human impact on soil - ANSWER✔✔-poor farming practices can cause more soil loss than formation,

other factors are overgrazing, deforestation, salinizatio, and desertification




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Desertification - ANSWER✔✔-Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of

human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.


sustainable soil practices - ANSWER✔✔-ploughing on the contour, reduced ploughing, no till agriculture

(reduced water loss, soil erosion, and encourages root growth)


soil components - ANSWER✔✔-50% weathered rock and organic material


50%water and air


open system


organic material - ANSWER✔✔-includes living, dead, and decomposed organic matter such as

microorganisms, plant roots, dead/decomposiing plants/animals, humus


soil development is affected by - ANSWER✔✔-natural processes (parent rock, decomposing organic

matter, bacterial processes, bioturbation) and human activities


parent material of soil - ANSWER✔✔-is important for establishing the structure of the soil


eluviation - ANSWER✔✔-the washing out of fine soil components from the A horizon by downward-

percolating water. erosional process


illuviation - ANSWER✔✔-deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B horizon). depositional process


solum - ANSWER✔✔-layers A and B in soil horizion


pedology - ANSWER✔✔-study of origin, distribution, development, and desrciption of soil


pedon - ANSWER✔✔-smallest soil unit showing all characterisitcs


soil profile - ANSWER✔✔-from surface to deepest plant root or bedrock


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