Exam (elaborations)
AHN 568 Fluids Electrolytes- Questions & Answers
- Course
- Institution
AHN 568 Fluids Electrolytes- Questions & Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
AHN 568 Fluids Electrolytes- Questions& Answers
Lactated Ringers (LR) Correct Ans-1. Description: Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer.
2. Isotonic to plasma
3. Contains NaCL, KCl, CaCl2, Na lactate
4. Osmo=275;
5. Use: Replaces fluid and buffers pH
6. Surgery/ trauma patients
0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS) Correct Ans-1. Hypotonic to plasma
2. Maintenance fluids (most common)
3. Saline component replaces ongoing NaCl losses-->maintains ECF volume
4. Free water component replaces insensible free water losses--> maintains osmolality
Dextrose in Normal Saline (D5NS; D5 1/2NS; D5 1/4NS) Correct Ans-1. Equivalent to
corresponding saline solutions plus 200 kcal of energy per liter of solution
Oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) Correct Ans-a form of osmotic pressure exerted
by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull
water into the circulatory system.
Osmotic pressure Correct Ans-pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement
across a selectively permeable membrane
HypoNatremia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Related to brain swelling
2.Nausea/malaise/gait instability/HA/confusion/ lethargy/SZ/coma
3. Hypervolemia: edema/ascities/pulmonary edema/JV distension/cardiac gallop
,4. Hypovolemia: othrostatic bp/ JV collapse
HyperNatremia symptoms Correct Ans-1. Related to brain cell shrinkage
2. nausea/weakness/lethargy/confusion/irritability/
stupor/coma/thirst/polydipsia
HypoCalcemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Chvostek's sign (facial twitching)/ Trousseau's Sign
(carpal spasm)/depression/ anxiety/ confusion/ tremors/ ataxia/dystonia/SZ/weakness
2. Increased excitement in nervous system
3. Dry skin/brittle hair/ brittle nails
4. Prolonged QT wave/nonspecific T-wave change
HyperCalcemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Lethargy progressing to coma/depression/ memory
impairment/ personality changes/N&V/ constipation/proximal muscle weakness/done
pain/depressed DTR/polyuria (DI)/ renal colic (renal calculi)
HypoPhosphatemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Irritability/ confusion/paresthesias/weakness/
muscle weakness/
HyperPhospphatemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Cornea or acute conjunctivitis/grainy feeling
skin/puritus/ vascular calcification/valvular & arterial calcifications/ conduction defects/
increased cardiac mortality
HypoKalemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Fatigue/muscle cramps/constipation/ ileus
2. Flaccid paralysis/hyporeflexia/tetany/ rhdomyloysis
3. Broadening T-wave/ promient U-wave/ PVCs/ depressed ST segments
, Hyperkalemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Bradycardia/prolonged PRI/progression of peaked T-
waves/Widened QRS complex/ disappearance of P-waves/ fusion of QRS and T-waves to form
sine-waves
2. Muscle weakness/absent to hypoactive bowel sounds/increased BUN &Cr levels/paired renin
& aldosterone levels
HypoMagnesemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1.CNS: hyperirritability: tremor/jerking/
nastagmus/ babinski/confusion/disorientation
2. Cardiac: HTN/ST/Ventricular arrhythmias/ prolonged QT interval
3. Muscle cramps/weakness
HyperMagnesemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Weakness pregression to paralysis/ difficulty
swallowing/ lethargy/ N&V/ hypotension/ decreased or absent DTRs/respiratory muscle
paralysis
Red blood cell (RBC): Correct Ans-1. determination of the number of circulating erythrocytes
present in whole blood;
2. regulated by erythropoiesis in the bone marrow
• Male: 4.5-6.2 million/uL
• Female (nongravid): 4.0-5.5 million/uL
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Correct Ans-1. main component of RBCs & essential protein that combines
with and transports oxygen to the body.
• Male: 14-18 g/dL
• Female (nongravid): 12-16 g/dL
• Rule of thumb - Hgbx3= Hct, if does not match you may see fluid overload or dehydration
Hematocrit (Hct): Correct Ans-1. measures the % of a given volume of whole blood that is
occupied by erythrocytes
• Male: 40-54%
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ExamRoom. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78252 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now