UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA HUMAN
ANATOMY BLOCK 2 EXAM GUIDE 2024-
2025|VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALL
GRADEDA+|GUARANTEED SUCCESS
pericardium - ANSWER-✔- a sac that encloses the heart
- parietal and visceral layers
- receives blood from pericardiacophrenic vessels and branches from bronchial and
esophageal vessels
- innervated by fibers from vagus and phrenic nerves
parietal pericardium - ANSWER-✔- contains a fibrous pericardium layer and a
serous pericardium layer
- outside layer of the pericardium around the heart
- feels pain
fibrous pericardium - ANSWER-✔- external layer of parietal pericardium
- composed of strong dense collagenous tissue on the central tendon of the
diaphragm
serous pericardium - ANSWER-✔- internal layer of parietal pericardium
- serous layer lining the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
pericardial space - ANSWER-✔- lies between the serous layer of parietal
pericardium and visceral pericardium
visceral pericardium - ANSWER-✔- AKA epicardium
- serous layer lining the surface of the heart
- does not feel pain
pericardial sinuses - ANSWER-✔- subdivisions of the pericardial sac
- transverse sinus and oblique sinus
,transverse sinus - ANSWER-✔posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk and
anterosuperior to the left atrium and pulmonary veins
oblique sinus - ANSWER-✔U shape blind recess posterior to heart
- surrounded by pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava
auricles - ANSWER-✔- right and left extensions of the atrium
apex of the heart - ANSWER-✔- pointy part at the bottom of the heart
base of the heart - ANSWER-✔- flat
- facing posteriorly
- formed by pulmonary veins of the left atrium
cardiac muscle layers - ANSWER-✔epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
epicardium - ANSWER-✔outer muscular layer of the heart
- AKA visceral pericardium
myocardium - ANSWER-✔middle muscle layer of the heart
- responsible for contraction
endocardium - ANSWER-✔- inner muscle layer of the heart
- consists of endothelial cells lining the lumen of the 4 chambers
valves of the heart - ANSWER-✔- tricuspid (R AV)
- mitral (bicuspid or L AV)
- pulmonary (semilunar)
- aortic (semilunar)
fossa ovalis - ANSWER-✔remnant of foramen ovale of fetal heart
- foramen ovale used for blood to pass directly from right atrium to the left side of
the heart, bypassing the lungs bc placenta is responsible for gas exchange in utero
chordae tendinae - ANSWER-✔Fibers (heart strings) attatched to the tricuspid and
mitral valve which pull it closed when papillary muscles contract, preventing back
flow of blood/prolapse
trabeculae carneae - ANSWER-✔muscular ridges on the internal surface of the
ventricles
papillary muscles - ANSWER-✔responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves
closed by means of the chordae tendineae
interventricular septum - ANSWER-✔separates ventricles
, right atrium - ANSWER-✔- bigger auricle
- receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava and coronary
sinus
- pumps blood through tricuspid/R AV valve into right ventricle
- contains the SA node and pectinate muscles
tricuspid valve - ANSWER-✔- ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the right
atrium to the right ventricle
- AKA R AV valve
right ventricle - ANSWER-✔- receives blood from the right atrium via the R AV
valve/tricuspid
- contracts to push blood out the pulmonary trunk/arteries via the pulmonary
semilunar valve
- contains trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
pulmonary valve - ANSWER-✔- ensure unidirectional flow from the right ventricle to
the pulmonary trunk
- AKA semilunar valve
moderator band - ANSWER-✔- large ridge of heart muscle attached to papillary
muscles and ventricular walls
- conveys the right branch of the AV bundle
left atrium - ANSWER-✔- forms the base of the heart and is in contact with the
esophagus
- receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
- blood is pumped into the left ventricle through the L AV valve/mitral/bicuspid
left ventricle - ANSWER-✔- lies anterior to left atrium on posterior side of the heart
- receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the L AV valve/mitral/bicuspid
- pumps blood into the aorta via the aortic valve/semilunar
- thicker wall to generate higher pressure to pump blood to the organs, muscles, and
skin
left coronary artery - ANSWER-✔one of two arteries from the aorta that nourish the
heart; (runs from left side of heart then divides into the left circumflex and left
anterior descending branches)
- supplies blood to the left ventricle, atrium, bundle of His, and interventricular
septum
left anterior descending artery - ANSWER-✔- branch of the left coronary artery
- AKA anterior interventricular artery
- supplies anterior region of left ventricle
left circumflex artery - ANSWER-✔- branch of the left coronary artery
- wraps from the left to posterior side of the heart
ANATOMY BLOCK 2 EXAM GUIDE 2024-
2025|VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALL
GRADEDA+|GUARANTEED SUCCESS
pericardium - ANSWER-✔- a sac that encloses the heart
- parietal and visceral layers
- receives blood from pericardiacophrenic vessels and branches from bronchial and
esophageal vessels
- innervated by fibers from vagus and phrenic nerves
parietal pericardium - ANSWER-✔- contains a fibrous pericardium layer and a
serous pericardium layer
- outside layer of the pericardium around the heart
- feels pain
fibrous pericardium - ANSWER-✔- external layer of parietal pericardium
- composed of strong dense collagenous tissue on the central tendon of the
diaphragm
serous pericardium - ANSWER-✔- internal layer of parietal pericardium
- serous layer lining the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
pericardial space - ANSWER-✔- lies between the serous layer of parietal
pericardium and visceral pericardium
visceral pericardium - ANSWER-✔- AKA epicardium
- serous layer lining the surface of the heart
- does not feel pain
pericardial sinuses - ANSWER-✔- subdivisions of the pericardial sac
- transverse sinus and oblique sinus
,transverse sinus - ANSWER-✔posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk and
anterosuperior to the left atrium and pulmonary veins
oblique sinus - ANSWER-✔U shape blind recess posterior to heart
- surrounded by pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava
auricles - ANSWER-✔- right and left extensions of the atrium
apex of the heart - ANSWER-✔- pointy part at the bottom of the heart
base of the heart - ANSWER-✔- flat
- facing posteriorly
- formed by pulmonary veins of the left atrium
cardiac muscle layers - ANSWER-✔epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
epicardium - ANSWER-✔outer muscular layer of the heart
- AKA visceral pericardium
myocardium - ANSWER-✔middle muscle layer of the heart
- responsible for contraction
endocardium - ANSWER-✔- inner muscle layer of the heart
- consists of endothelial cells lining the lumen of the 4 chambers
valves of the heart - ANSWER-✔- tricuspid (R AV)
- mitral (bicuspid or L AV)
- pulmonary (semilunar)
- aortic (semilunar)
fossa ovalis - ANSWER-✔remnant of foramen ovale of fetal heart
- foramen ovale used for blood to pass directly from right atrium to the left side of
the heart, bypassing the lungs bc placenta is responsible for gas exchange in utero
chordae tendinae - ANSWER-✔Fibers (heart strings) attatched to the tricuspid and
mitral valve which pull it closed when papillary muscles contract, preventing back
flow of blood/prolapse
trabeculae carneae - ANSWER-✔muscular ridges on the internal surface of the
ventricles
papillary muscles - ANSWER-✔responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves
closed by means of the chordae tendineae
interventricular septum - ANSWER-✔separates ventricles
, right atrium - ANSWER-✔- bigger auricle
- receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava and coronary
sinus
- pumps blood through tricuspid/R AV valve into right ventricle
- contains the SA node and pectinate muscles
tricuspid valve - ANSWER-✔- ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the right
atrium to the right ventricle
- AKA R AV valve
right ventricle - ANSWER-✔- receives blood from the right atrium via the R AV
valve/tricuspid
- contracts to push blood out the pulmonary trunk/arteries via the pulmonary
semilunar valve
- contains trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
pulmonary valve - ANSWER-✔- ensure unidirectional flow from the right ventricle to
the pulmonary trunk
- AKA semilunar valve
moderator band - ANSWER-✔- large ridge of heart muscle attached to papillary
muscles and ventricular walls
- conveys the right branch of the AV bundle
left atrium - ANSWER-✔- forms the base of the heart and is in contact with the
esophagus
- receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
- blood is pumped into the left ventricle through the L AV valve/mitral/bicuspid
left ventricle - ANSWER-✔- lies anterior to left atrium on posterior side of the heart
- receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the L AV valve/mitral/bicuspid
- pumps blood into the aorta via the aortic valve/semilunar
- thicker wall to generate higher pressure to pump blood to the organs, muscles, and
skin
left coronary artery - ANSWER-✔one of two arteries from the aorta that nourish the
heart; (runs from left side of heart then divides into the left circumflex and left
anterior descending branches)
- supplies blood to the left ventricle, atrium, bundle of His, and interventricular
septum
left anterior descending artery - ANSWER-✔- branch of the left coronary artery
- AKA anterior interventricular artery
- supplies anterior region of left ventricle
left circumflex artery - ANSWER-✔- branch of the left coronary artery
- wraps from the left to posterior side of the heart
