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POSC 225 -- Exam 2 Martin Cohen Study Guide with Complete Solutions Edmund Burke (1740s) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER-- was a fan of political parties; positive definition - "men united, promoting by their joint endeavors the national interest, upon some particular principle in which...

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  • November 11, 2024
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POSC 225 -- Exam 2 Martin Cohen Study

Guide with Complete Solutions


Edmund Burke (1740s) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- was a fan of political parties; positive

definition


- "men united, promoting by their joint endeavors the national interest, upon some particular principle

in which they are all agreed"


- promoting national interest; shows he is a fan of political parties


James Madison (1780s) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- not a fan of political parties


- "a faction, whether amounting to a majority or minority... united and actuated by some common

impulse... adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interest of the

community"


- United: similar to Burke, but different in the effects of a party


E.E. Schattschneider (1942) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "...organized attempt to get

control of the government"


- Organized: introduced to lexicon


- Goal: to get control of the government


- was a fan of strong political parties, but his definition does not show this; his definition shows a mutual

attitude


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Anthony Downs (1957) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "... a coalition of men seeking to

control the governing apparatus by legal means"


- Coalition: group of individuals who have certain ends in common and cooperate to achieve those ends


- Coalition: new word to lexicon


V. O. Key (1964) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- conceived of parties as three legged stool...

"PIE, PIG, PO"


- shows three parts of political party


PIE - ANSWER✔✔-Party in the Electorate -- consists of voters and those who identify with a political

party, psychological attachment and will often vote for those party candidates


PIG - ANSWER✔✔-Party in Government -- government position holders (elected officials) who run under

party label and try to get policies passed for said party


PO - ANSWER✔✔-Party Organization -- consists of party workers, staff members, and committees; tries

to get the candidates elected from their party


John Aldrich (1996) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "... an endogenous institution -- an

institution by these political actors... It is ambitious politicians' creation"


- elected officials create, and mutate parties in order to get re-elected


- decisions are made by the party in itself


Tom Schwartz (1996) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "... a long coalition"


- long (over a series of issues and over a period of time)




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- party is not just an agreement to vote together on single bill, but an agreement to vote on hundreds of

bills together over long periods of time


Functions of a Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- aggregating societal interests


- compromising competing demands


- recruiting leadership


- nominating candidates


- contesting elections


- seeking to organize government


Aggregating Societal Interest - ANSWER✔✔-- adding up interests of individuals, putting them together


- they decide what they will talk about via agenda setting


- party platforms distributed to the nation every 4 years at national convention to nominate president


- platform: list of issue positions and decides what the party will stand for and how much emphasis each

issue will get


Compromising Competing Demands - ANSWER✔✔-- need to appeal to a majority on an issue to obtain

control of the government


- need to create coalitions (groups of groups) in order to win majorities, if they cast to narrow of a net on

one or two interests (third parties) they will not win


- this is how they differ from interest groups, because those groups focus solely on one specific issue


- Party Coalition between different parties



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