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Radiation Protection and Radiobiology Exam Study Guide Solutions Ionizing radiation - ANSWER-produces diagnostic image radiation risks - ANSWER-Exposure to radiation - involves risk of biologic changes Use sound judgment - minimize quantity of radiation Protect all persons from unnecessary exp...

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  • November 11, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
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  • radiation protection and radiobiology exam study g

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Radiation Protection and Radiobiology

Exam Study Guide Solutions


Ionizing radiation - ANSWER✔✔-produces diagnostic image


radiation risks - ANSWER✔✔-Exposure to radiation - involves risk of biologic changes


Use sound judgment - minimize quantity of radiation


Protect all persons from unnecessary exposure


Group includes self, patient and anyone else


Sources of Ionizing Radiation - ANSWER✔✔-Natural (background) - cosmic radiation from the sun &

planetary bodies, uranium and radium inhaled or ingested through food, water or air




Human-made - nuclear industry, radionuclides, and medical/dental exposures.




Nuclear industry - fallout from above-ground weapons testing, accidents in nuclear power stations, and

disposal of by-products from these plants




Radionuclide exposure includes products like smoke detectors that contain radioactive elements and

radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnosing and treating disease.



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Medical/dental exposures - greatest source


Human-made radiation (x-rays) - ANSWER✔✔-form of electromagnetic radiation that travels at the

speed of light.




Unlike particulate radiation (a liberated portion of the atom capable of traveling for short distances and

reacting with matter.)




Bundles of energy moving as waves in space, depositing energy at random




Source of electrons, force to move them rapidly and something to stop the movement must all be

present - provided by the x-ray tube and its electrical supply.


particulate radiation - ANSWER✔✔-(a liberated portion of the atom capable of traveling for short

distances and reacting with matter.)


all must be present - ANSWER✔✔-Source of electrons, a force to move them rapidly and something to

stop the movement - provided by the x-ray tube and its electrical supply.


Tube - ANSWER✔✔-cathode (negative terminal) and anode (positive terminal) in glass envelope to

maintain the vacuum needed for optimal x-ray production


Cathode's filament - ANSWER✔✔-thoriated tungsten which provides the source of electrons.




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Kilovoltage - ANSWER✔✔-applied to the filament accelerates the stream of electrons toward the anode

end. X-rays are produced when the electrons strike the anode (energy conversion) and produces x-rays

and heat. Heterogeneous (has many energies) - measure in kiloelectron volts (keV). This is the primary

beam and it is directed toward the patient through a window in the tube.


Three possibilities when x-rays strike matter: - ANSWER✔✔-Can be absorbed


Can transfer some energy and then scatter


Can pass through unaffected


Interactions with matter - ANSWER✔✔-Classic coherent scattering


Photoelectric interactions


Compton scattering (the Compton effect)


Pair production


Photodisintegration


Basis for all patient exposure and reason behind need for protection - ANSWER✔✔-photoelectric

interactions and Compton scattering


Classic coherent scattering - ANSWER✔✔-occur within the diagnostic range of x-ray energies. - (Thomson

scattering) - occurs when incoming x-ray photon strikes an atom and is absorbed, exciting the atom so it

releases excess energy in the form of another x-ray photon that proceeds in a different direction

(scattering). The scattered photons travel in a forward direction, stopping when they hit anything in their

path. Results in no energy transfer to the patient.




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