BIO 340 Exam Questions And Answers
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Your chromosomes are located _______ and they are made of ___________ .
a. floating in the cytoplasm, lipids
b. in the cell membrane, protein
c. inside the mitochondria, genes
d. inside the cytoplasm, protein
e. inside the nucleus, DNA - answere. ...
Loss of Heterozygosity - answer✔Can mask deleterious recessive alleles (Aa)
Can hide an undesirable trait if there is a dominant gene present
Gregor Mendel - answer✔Amateur botanist explains heredity in plants 1866, law of segregation,
independent assortment, and domanince.
Traits are transmitted from parents to offsprings in specific patterns
Law of Segregation - answer✔Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair (diploid). Parental genes are
randomly separated to the sex cells so they only contain one gene of that pair. Offsprings only inherit
one allele from each parent.
Works with a monohybrid
Ex: Tt x TT
Law of Independent Assortment - answer✔Genes for different traits are sorted seperately from one
another.
Independent works with dihybrid crosses.
Ex: TtRRDd x ttRrdd
Law of Dominance - answer✔When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed together, only one
form of the trait appears in the next generation.
Frederic Griffith (bacterial transformation) - answer✔(Transforming principle) where R-strain bacteria
turned into S bacteria
Avery - Macleod - McCarty Experiment - answer✔Determined that DNA is the transforming factor
Hershey - Chase Experiment - answer✔Determined DNA is the genetic material
DNA Nucleotides - answer✔Deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar), phosphate group, 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Purines/Pyrimidines - answer✔Purines (A & G): larger molecular structure with a shorter name
Pyrimidines (T & C): small molecular structure with longer name
A purine has to be paired with a pyrimidines
Meselson - Stahl Experiment (1958) - answer✔Demonstrated that replication was semiconservative
using heavy isotope nucleotides
DNA Replication - answer✔All polymerase systhesis in a 5'-3' is read 3'-5'
Keto/Enol - answer✔Mutations in DnA are when the acceptor and donor in hydrogen bonds get
swapped and cause enol or keto mutations. 3'-5' exonuclease activity can chew mutations off to correct
the base pair.
Transistion/Transversion - answer✔Transition: is a purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
Transversion: pyrimidine going to a purine or a purine going to a pyrimidine
Central Dogma (Francis Crick 1970) - answer✔DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Transcription -> Translation
Nucleus -> Cytoplasm
Darwins Theory of Evolution - answer✔Evolution: the theory that all organisms are related by a common
ancestry and have diversified over time
Ex: Galapagos finches
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