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EEOB Exam 4- Questions & Answers
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EEOB Exam 4- Questions & Answers
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EEOB Exam 4- Questions & AnswersWhere is a non-polar ligand receptor found? What is another name for it? Correct Ans-found
in cytosol or nucleus; called intercellular receptor
Where is a polar ligand receptor found? What is another name for it? Correct Ans-found in
PM (transmembrane integral protein); called membrane bound receptor
Are there issues with the pathway for paracrine and neurotransmitter signals to get to an
intracellular receptor? If so, what solves the issue(s)? Correct Ans-even though NP ligand
traveling in P, not much issue because not traveling through the IF very long
Are there issues with the pathway for endocrine signals to get to an intracellular receptor? If so,
what solves the issue(s)? Correct Ans-yes, issue with NP traveling in P for long distances;
plasma bind protein (amphipathic) protects non-polar ligand/signal
If an intracellular receptor complex is formed in the cytosol, where does it need to move to?
Why? Correct Ans-it needs to move to the nucleus because it works with DNA
How do intracellular receptors work with DNA? Name an example. Correct Ans-increases or
decreases transcription (reading of DNA); does not change the DNA sequence, just how it is
read;
e.g., adding or taking away proteins
Which is more prominent: membrane bound receptors or intracellular receptors?
Why? Correct Ans-membrane bound receptors because their ligands work better with the
system (body)
Are there issues with the pathway for signals to get to a membrane bound receptor? If so, what
solves the issue(s)? Correct Ans-there are no issues because of their polarity
, What is the issue with bringing polar ligands to cells? What is required because of
this? Correct Ans-they cannot enter the cell because of their polarity, so they are only the
first messenger; requires relays to occur (2+ messengers needed to get signal where it must go)
What are the two categories that membrane bound receptors can be split into? Correct Ans-
types based on receptor being alone and types based on receptor being coupled
What are the two types of membrane bound receptors based on receptor being
alone? Correct Ans-the receptor is also a chemically gated channel; the receptor is also an
enzyme
When a membrane bound receptor is also a chemically gated channel, what does it cause?
Why? Correct Ans-a change in charge distribution because more cations or anions are coming
into the cell
What is an example of a membrane bound receptor also being a chemically gated
channel? Correct Ans-most neurotransmitters
When a membrane bound receptor is also an enzyme, what is it usually (name)? Correct Ans-
tyrosine kinase
Where does the ligand bind when the membrane bound receptor is also an enzyme? What does
this cause? Correct Ans-ligand binds on outside of cell, causing shape change, NZ function of
receptor activates the NZ function needed in the cell
What is cascade of phosphorylations? When is it used (when R is alone)? Correct Ans-little
spendings of ATP because it is not used up all at once; used when receptor is also an enzyme
What is an example of membrane bound receptors also being an enzyme? Correct Ans-many
growth factors (signals; some types of indirect communication act as growth factors)
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