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ACBS Test 2 questions with verified solutions
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ACBS Test 2 questions with verified solutions
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ACBS Test 2 questions with verifiedsolutions
nutrition - correct answer ✔✔processes by which an animal takes in and assimilates feed components
for promoting growth, milk, or fiber production and replacing worn or injured tissues
proximate analysis - correct answer ✔✔Most common analysis performed on feed samples. Estimate
nutrient characteristics of a feed. Includes: dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, ash,
nitrogen-free extract
dry matter - correct answer ✔✔water is useful substance to animals, but presence in feed acts as
dilutant. Most data on feeds are reported either on this basis or an as-is basis. With information
reported on its moisture content. Determined by drying the sample in an oven type of one type or
another
Crude Protein - correct answer ✔✔Protein level is estimated by kjeldahl method, which measures
nitrogen content of the feed. Only provides estimate of the quantity of N present and does not provide
indication of quality. Feed sample is digested in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid, which converts all
carbon-containing compounds to CO2. Nitrogen is trapped, measured, and expressed as a percent.
N*65=crude protein
Crude Fat - correct answer ✔✔product resulting from extracting a feed with ethyl ether or some other
organic solvent or combination of solvents, such as chloroform and ethyl alcohol. Results obtained using
this procedure are quantitative rather than qualitative in nature.
crude fiber - correct answer ✔✔Involves boiling (refluxing) a known amount of a ground feed sample in
a weak acid solution, filtrating and boiling in a weak solution of alkali and filtering and drying; the
residue remaining is this. Attempt to stimulate the digestive processes occurring in the stomach and
intestine of an animal. Estimates less digestible fractions of a feed sample. Cellulose, hemicellulose,
xylans, lignin, and other components associated with fibrous carbohydrates
Ash - correct answer ✔✔Inorganic minerals are determined by this value, which is determined by
burning a feed sample at a temperature of 350 degrees to 600 degrees celsius until nothing is left but
metallic oxides or contaminants such as rocks and soil. No qualitative information is provided, so specific
, mineral components are not determined. Atomic absorption, ICP, and spectrophotometry used to
determine levels of individual minerals
Nitrogen Free Extract - correct answer ✔✔Calculated and not actually determined using a laboratory
procedure. 100 - (%CP + %CF + %Fat + %Ash + %water). Estimate of readily available carbohydrates
(sugars, dextrins, starches). Values for grains and components high in sugar and starch are reliable
estimate of readily available carbohydrates
Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter - correct answer ✔✔Energy content of a feed is obtained by using this. Small
sample of known weight is placed in this and filled with oxygen under pressure. Bomb is placed in
container of water of known volume, sample ignited, and change in water temperature is monitored to
determine energy content of sample. Expressed as carlories. (1 is heat required to raise temperature of 1
g of water 1 degree celcius)
Basic Nutrients - correct answer ✔✔Water, carbs, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals
water - correct answer ✔✔often overlooked and not considered as a nutrient when formulating rations
for livestock. Extremely important to animals, compose of 70-73% of animal's fat-free body weight.
Essential role in digestion, nutrient transport, waste excretion, and temperature. Demand is based on
environment and nutrient intake as well as exercise and excretion. Important fresh and clean; free of
toxins and microbes, minimal amounts of suspended soil. Deficiencies = decreased feed intake,
dehydration, decreased reproductive performance, death
Water sources - correct answer ✔✔Animal can derive water in a number of different ways. Drinking is
most common source. Feedstuffs also contain varying amounts of free water. Not chemically bound to
feed, but is just the moisture associated with the feed. Metabolic water is chemically bound and
released when nutrients or body tissues are broken down by metabolic processes
Water loss - correct answer ✔✔Amount of water lost in feces varies greatly among species. Other water
content in feces reflect the water content in the food. Evaporative water losses (skin and lung) are
increased greatly in warm or hot environments. Lactating animals have higher requirement for water
because of amount eliminated in milk being produced
Carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Includes starch, sugars, cellulose.
Purpose is for energy. Cellulose harder to digest, associated with forages, normally feed to ruminants
and hind gut fermenters. Live stock feeds, high grains, starch and sugar readily digestible
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