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Summary Introduction Tourism (book)
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Summary of the module Introduction Tourism (INTO) from the book Tourism A Modern Synthesis. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 13
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Demand = Traveller, Intermediaries = Industry (travel agencies, Airbnb), Supply = Destination.Intro Tourism Summary Resit
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Chapter 1. Introduction to tourism ......................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2 The evaluation and development of tourism .......................................................... 6
Chapter 3 Understanding tourism demand ............................................................................ 8
Chapter 4 understanding the tourist as a consumer .............................................................14
Chapter 9 visitor attractions ..................................................................................................18
Chapter 13, the role of the public sector in tourism ...............................................................25
1
, Demand = Traveller, Intermediaries = Industry (travel agencies, Airbnb), Supply = Destination.
Chapter 1. Introduction to tourism
1.3 Introduction
Tourism is associated with the following issues, (you are a tourist when..):
• Travelling away from your home for more than 24 hours
• Using one’s leisure time to travel and take holidays
• Travelling for business.
Because of major economic, political, social and cultural changes, demand
(travellers) are increasing in countries where they normally did not go to (such as
Post-communist countries and in new world regions such as Asia, China etc.)
International and domestic tourism have been transformed by this changes which
affects the tendency of people to travel for pleasure and business.
Comparing to countries like Brazil, Russia, India and China, Western countries are
facing slow economic growth (less tourists) because oil prices are making travelling
more expensive. This explains why many governments have turned to the marketing
and promotion of tourism to boost ailing (low) economies.
1.3 Tourism: A global activity
Tourism is part of globalization, which is no longer limited to the developed countries
that traditionally provided the demand for world travel.
The development of tourism throughout the world is a function of complex factors that
coalesce (band together) to generate dynamic processes that one must understand in
a local context, while recognizing the national and international factors affecting
change. Therefore understanding how and why changes in tourism activity occur,
what motivates people to travel etc, are sharp challenges now facing tourism
organizations, researchers and students.
The Tourism Satellite Accounts was developed to provide more reliable and
comparable data generated by individual nations, because the governments often
underestimated the real value tourism in different countries.
There is growing evidence that tourism is a volatile economic activity that can be
subject to shock waves, oils crisis, economic problems etc. This shows that consumer
confidence can be damages by media reporting, resulting in changes in consumer
behaviour, tendency (neiging) to travel and choice of destinations.
2
, Demand = Traveller, Intermediaries = Industry (travel agencies, Airbnb), Supply = Destination.
1.5 Difficulties in studying tourism
• Recognition: Tourism is not easily recognized as a subject because some
analysts view it as an industry, while others view it as a subject or as a process.
There is no universal agreement on how to approach it.
• Conceptualization: Academics argue that tourism is a subject that is
conceptually weak, which means that there are no universally agreed sets of laws
or principles that all researchers adopt as the starting point for the discussion of
tourism. Tourism is a multidisciplinary subject and different disciplines examine
tourism from their own standpoints rather than from a universally agreed tourism
perspective.
• Terminology: There is a wide range of jargon (vorm van taalgebruik binnen een
vakgebied) used. Example: researcher need to understand which people are
tourists, as a beach may be populated by tourists, residents and day trippers.
• Data sources: the data sources available to tourism researches are weak
compared with those available for other subjects.
• Reductionism: The different approached used by researchers from different
disciplines and industry backgrounds. Tourism is reduced to a series of activities
or economic transaction instead of wider series of concepts that would help in the
understanding of tourism.
• Rigour: There is still suspicion about the intellectual rigour with which tourism
researchers approach their subject.
• Theory: Much of the research in tourism has tended to be descriptive, lacking in
contributions to the development of tourism knowledge and using techniques.
• Academic divide: there are inseparable tensions in tourism research between
the pursuit of knowledge by academics and the practical and applied needs of the
tourism industry.
3
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