Montgomery College Biol 151 1st Lecture Exam (vocab) (Questions + Answers) Solved

Natural Selection - ️️process whereby individuals in a population with certain characteristics are more successful at contributing offspring to the next generation than individuals without those characteristics Theory of Evolution - ️️- Existing species descended from ancestral species via "descent with modification". - Natural selection is the mechanism by which "descent with modification" occurs. evolution - ️️change in the characteristics of a population of organisms over time population - ️️geographically localized group of individuals belonging to the same species -individual organisms cannot evolve.. they can develop eg. baby develops into an adult. time - ️️multiple generations characteristics - ️️those with a genetic basis (b/c only genes can be passed down to generations) 2 Conditions for Evolution by Natural Selection - ️️1. trait must show heritable variation 2. trait must confer(give/provide) differential reproductive success (dependent on the environment) fitness - ️️the genetic contribution an individual makes to the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals adaptation - ️️an inherited characteristic that enhances anorganism's ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment Process of Natural Selection - ️️- The process of natural selection can adapt organisms to their environment. Charles Darwin - ️️formulated the basic principles of the theory of evolution. common ancestry - ️️some genes get passed from ancestors, some characteristics dont get inherited typological thinking - ️️Species are fixed & unchanging. Historical View - ️️Aristotle and others proposed that species were organized into a sequence based on increased size and complexity with humans at the top. Lamarck - ️️-inheritance of acquired charactershe said - species evolve over time - -first scientist to propose a potential mechanism for how evolution could occur Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characters - ️️based on use/disuse of body parts -characteristics organisms used throughout their lifetimes would become larger & accentuated, while characteristics that organisms did not use would become smaller & degenerate. Offspring would inherit the large, accentuated characteristics, but they would not inherit the small, degenerate characteristics. evolution - ️️change in the characteristics (gene pool) of a population of organisms over time