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U.S. History EOC Test Review Study Guide Solutions Federalism - ANSWER-Division of power between the national and state governments. Separation of Power/ 3 branches of government - ANSWER-The division of a central government into three branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorit...

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  • November 11, 2024
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U.S. History EOC Test Review Study Guide

Solutions


Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-Division of power between the national and state governments.


Separation of Power/ 3 branches of government - ANSWER✔✔-The division of a central government into

three branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorities., the division of basic government

roles into branches. Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches.


Checks and Balances - ANSWER✔✔-A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers

of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power.


Federalists and Antifederalists - ANSWER✔✔-1780s - "Federalists:" Americans who advocated

centralized power and constitutional ratification, northeastern business groups, loose interpretation of

the Constitution


"Antinfederalists:" against the adoption of the Constitution because of suspicion against centralized

governemnt ruling at a distance and limiting freedom, led by George Mason and Patrick Henry turned

into the Jeffersonian Republicans.


Bill of Rights - ANSWER✔✔-A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United

States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10, and in all state constitutions.


Louisiana Purchase - ANSWER✔✔-1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by

Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.




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Oregon Territory - ANSWER✔✔-Territory of Oregon, Washington, and portions of what became British

Columbia, Canada; land claimed by both U.S. and Britain and held jointly under the Convention of 1818.


Utah - ANSWER✔✔-A state in the western United States, settled by the Mormons in 1847.


California - ANSWER✔✔-People rushed to see gold, they built communities called boomtowns. city grew

with gold rush. ships of new people everyday would come and see (San Francisco-small village grew to

20,000 people).


Texas - ANSWER✔✔-Texans declared their independence from Mexico believing they deprived them of

their rights. James Polk had Texas become the 28th state in the Union.


Annexation of Texas - ANSWER✔✔-Texas decides to secede from Mexico and attempts to declare its

independence which eventually leads to our adoption of the land as a state although it was feared that it

would cause conflict with mexico leading to war. Southern states in support of this as Texas brought

slaves with it meaning it would increase agricultural profits.


Mexican-American War - ANSWER✔✔-A war (1846-1848) between the United States and Mexico,

resulting in the cession by Mexico of lands now constituting all or most of the states of California,

Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.


Transcontinental Railroad - ANSWER✔✔-A railroad that connected the eastern United States to the

western United States. The railroad firmly bonded the West Coast the Union, created a trade route to

the far-east, and helped the western expansion.


Indian Reservations - ANSWER✔✔-Indians were sent to reservations to "protect their culture". In reality,

these reservations just pulled Indians off of lands the whites wanted and kept them separate from

American society.


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Dawes Act - ANSWER✔✔-Bill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them

into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes.


Monroe Doctrine - ANSWER✔✔-A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not

interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western

Hemisphere. Established by President Monroe.


Abolitionism - ANSWER✔✔-A movement to end slavery.


Women's Suffrage - ANSWER✔✔-National American Woman Suffrage Association formed in 1910 carries

cause of women's suffrage to victory, granted suffrage in the 19th amendment.


19th Century Education - ANSWER✔✔-Focus on higher and alternative education (high schools, colleges,

women's colleges, black education)


Prisons and Asylums - ANSWER✔✔-Led by Dorthea Dix , before the 19th century, these institutions were

viewed as public institutions of last resort. They now emerged as preferred solution to poverty, crime,

delinquency and insanity.


Temperance Movement - ANSWER✔✔-Reform movement begun in the 1800's that fought to ban alcohol

in the U.S. This movement led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920.


Missouri Compromise - ANSWER✔✔-Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to

enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚30' within the Louisiana Territory

(1820).


Popular Sovereignty - ANSWER✔✔-The doctrine that stated that the people of a territory had the right

to decide their own laws by voting. In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, popular sovereignty would decide

whether a territory allowed slavery.

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