Chronic Health Exam 4 Questions With Correct Answers.
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Chronic health
Institution
Chronic Health
Chronic Health Exam 4 Questions With
Correct Answers.
What is the first line of defense in immunity? - answerbarriers/epithelium
what is the second line of defense in immunity? - answerinflammation
what is the third line of defense in immunity? - answeradaptive immunity
what is another term fo...
Chronic Health Exam 4 Questions With
Correct Answers.
What is the first line of defense in immunity? - answer✔barriers/epithelium
what is the second line of defense in immunity? - answer✔inflammation
what is the third line of defense in immunity? - answer✔adaptive immunity
what is another term for a helper T cell? - answer✔CD4 cell
AIDS dx = ___________ or ____________ - answer✔CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 OR AIDS-defining
opportunistic infection
HIV was introduced to humans through what? - answer✔primates
the AIDS epidemic occurred when in the US? - answer✔likely began in the 1970's
HIV is a retrovirus. What does this mean? - answer✔Reverse transcription from RNA-DNA. This is
backwards from regular viruses.
HIV is a retrovirus: RNA->DNA->RNA
Generally, how does HIV work in the body? what cells does it affect? what issues does it cause in the
body? is it curable? - answer✔HIV destroys blood cells called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping
the body fight disease.
This results in a weakened immune system, making persons with HIV or AIDS at risk for many different
types of infections.
HIV infection is not curable presently, but can be controlled with treatment
list the 4 methods of transition of HIV - answer✔Sexual transmission, Injection drug use, Blood contact,
and Mother-to-child
differentiate btwn highest and lowest risk of HIV transition - answer✔Highest risk of transmission: Blood
transfusion (rare), pregnancy (rare due to testing), anal sex (receptive > insertive)
Concurrent Sexual infections can increase transmission risk (pt w HIV that also has open wound from
syphilis/chlamidyia/etc this can incr r/o transmitting virus)
between 2014-2018 highest rates are seen in which groups? - answer✔African American MSM and
Latinx
define acute HIV infection - answer✔Defined as the interval between the appearance of HIV RNA in the
plasma and the detection of HIV-specific antibodies. Approximately between 2-4 weeks post infection.
what is the seroconversion window period? - answer✔interval between infection and initial detection of
HIV antibodies (up until approximately 3-4 weeks)
describe acute retroviral syndrome - answer✔refers to the clinical syndrome associated with acute HIV
infection (present in 40-90% of newly infected individuals)
May mimic a mononucleosis -like syndrome commonly characterized by: constitutional symptoms such
as fever and fatigue; Pharyngitis; Rash; Myalgias and arthralgias; Night sweats
Symptoms of acute HIV infection are usually self -limited
what are the 2 MAIN categories of HIV tests? - answer✔tests that detect the virus and tests that detect
the antibody
what does the HIV antigen/antibody test look for and describe its seroconversion times - answer✔An
antigen/antibody test looks for both HIV antibodies and antigens.
Fourth-generation assays - detect anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies immunometric
antigen sandwich format, as well as HIV-1 surface antigen p24 via monoclonal antibody binding. For 95%
of people antibody can be detected by 28 days. 4th generation tests can detect surface antigen p24 in
most cases in as little as 9-11 days post exposure.
if a recent HIV infection is suspected, which HIV test should be performed? - answer✔If recent infection
is suspected, an HIV PCR or Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) RNA Viral Load test is often ordered which can
detect the virus within 11-12 days post exposure
why is increasing self-testing a priority? - answer✔Increasing self-testing is a priority to reach the
estimated more than 160,000 PLWH who are unaware of their status
state an example of a home HIV testing kit and cost: - answer✔Oraquick home test can be purchased for
approximately $40 dollars
In Baltimore, iwantthekit.org is a lab run through Hopkins that provides free at home STI testing and HIV
testing for Baltimore City residents. https://www.iwantthekit.org/
list the different lab findings needed to qualify a pt to have HIV - answer✔Positive testing with a
multistep algorithm, such as a positive HIV-1/2 antigen-antibody immunoassay followed by a positive
HIV-1/2 differentiation assay, OR
A positive test of a multitest algorithm from which only the final result is reported, OR
A positive HIV virologic test, such as a qualitative HIV nucleic acid test, a quantitative HIV nucleic acid
test (viral load), or an HIV p24 antigen test
typically, what is the first thing to spike in an acute HIV infection? (aka what are our first markers of an
acute inf?) - answer✔the HIV viral load/HIV RNA quickly followed by the HIV antigen spike in the first 10-
15 days past infection
about how long does it take the HIV antibody to rise in levels after an HIV infection? - answer✔The
antibody takes a little bit longer about three to four weeks to start rising and to be able to detect
through an antibody test if an individual has HIV infection
if an individual only does a rapid test and it comes out negative, what is the recommendation? (how
long should they wait to retake a test?) - answer✔if an individual is only doing a rapid test and test
negative but they think they may have been exposed it would be good to test again within about three
months to double check to see if they have an infection or not
to be considered an "acute" HIV infection, what is the CD4 count and what are the symptoms? -
answer✔>500; can be no sx to flu-like: fever, night sweats, sore throat, myalgias, rash, GI upset
briefly explain the differences and pros/cons of the different HIV tests (antibody vs antigen vs combined)
- answer✔Antibody: Most rapid tests and the only currently approved HIV self-tests are antibody tests.
Can take 23 to 90 days to detect HIV infection after an exposure. Advantage: Cheaper, quick result
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