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EDEXCEL A LEVEL HISTORY: THE BRITISH EMPIRE: THE NAVY Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update
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When did Britain achieve naval superiority? At the end of the 7-Years' War in 1763 When did Britain's supremacy become unchallengeable? After the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 When was Britain's supremacy challenged? 1875 How did naval tactics differ in the Age of Sail from earlier times? ...

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  • November 11, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • edexcel a level history the british empire the

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EDEXCEL A LEVEL HISTORY: THE BRITISH
EMPIRE: THE NAVY Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update
When did Britain achieve naval superiority?

✓ At the end of the 7-Years' War in 1763



When did Britain's supremacy become unchallengeable?

✓ After the battle of Trafalgar in 1805



When was Britain's supremacy challenged?

✓ 1875



How did naval tactics differ in the Age of Sail from earlier times?

✓ In the medieval times, the main tactic was to pull alongside the enemy ship so that soldiers
carried on the deck could board it. However, during the Age of Sail, ships had rows of
cannons, which sunk or disabled their enemies by firing a broadside



What is a broadside?

✓ The simultaneous discharge of large guns mounted along the side of a ship



What were the most important factors in a ship's ability to manoeuvre?




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✓ - The speed of the ship's hull

✓ - The skill of the sailors in manipulating its sails



What were the advantages of the 'ship of the line' tactic?

✓ - It enabled sustained bombardment, with each ship able to fire a broadside as the line
passed an enemy

✓ - It avoided friendly ships firing at each other as none of their broadsides faced each
others'

✓ - It reduced the exposure of vulnerable bows and sterns to enemy fire, the bow of the
leading ship and the stern of the last ship were the only ones exposed

✓ - It improved the speed and effectiveness of signalling by flags between the admiral's ship
and the rest of the fleet



What were the disadvantages of this technique?

✓ - It relied on wind direction for manoeuvrability

✓ - It only used half the fire power

✓ - It was orthodox

✓ - The communication could be problematic

✓ - Indecisive battles as neither fleet could gain a positional advantage



What is hyper-aggression?

✓ More aggressive naval techniques developed after Admiral Byng's perceived reticence. He
refused to attack the French fleet at Minorca



What was the 'crossing the t' tactic?



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✓ An unorthodox tactic where the ships were in two parallel lines and they would cut
between the enemy's line of ships



What were the advantages and disadvantages of 'crossing the t'?

✓ Advantages:

✓ - It was unorthodox and unexpected by the enemy fleet

✓ - Both sides of the cannon could be used

✓ - The enemy could only fire for a certain amount of times

✓ - It was deceiving - bigger ships were at the front

✓ - Commands were easy to follow

✓ Disadvantages:

✓ - Only a small amount of ships could use their weapons - others were redundant

✓ - It was more dangerous



When were some examples of the 'crossing the t' technique?

✓ - Battle of the Nile 1798

✓ - Battle of Trafalgar 1805



The Battle of Minorca

(Date and details)

✓ 1756

✓ The British and French met at Minorca

✓ Admiral Byng refused to attack the French fleet and he was shot for it. The French claimed
victory



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The Battle of Quiberon Bay

(Date and significance)

✓ 1759

✓ Under Admiral Hawke, the British sailed into unmapped harbour and the coastline was
very dangerous

✓ The French were still defeated, however



The Siege of Gibraltar

(Date and significance)

✓ 1779-83

✓ Britain resupplied Gibraltar from Plymouth

✓ Britain fought a global war

✓ Gibraltar was blockaded by the Franco-Spanish



Chesapeake Bay and Yorktown

(Date and significance)

✓ 1781

✓ The British extended their supplies across American colonies

✓ General Cornwallis was forced to surrender



Saintes

(Date and significance)




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