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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Material
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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Material
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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1Material
Cytoskeleton: microtubules Correct Ans-largest diameter; provide structural support; form
cilia and flagella
Cytoskeleton: intermediate filaments Correct Ans-- medium diameter; maintain cell shape
Cytoskeleton: microfilaments Correct Ans-smallest diameter; involved in cell movements
Whole Cell Activity Correct Ans-A cell's characteristics are determined by the type of
proteins produced;
protein's function determined by genetics;
information in DNA provides cell w/ code for cellular processes
DNA Correct Ans-- double helix in nucleus
- composed of nucleotides (complementary base pairs, A:T, C:G)
- contain 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogen base, phosphate
Central Dogma Correct Ans-Flow of genetic information
1) DNA replication
2) transcription
3) translation
,Gene expression Correct Ans-- information in DNA direct protein synthesis
- proteins provide code for gene expression
- enzymes regulate chemical rxn
- use transcription/translation
Transcription Correct Ans-- process by which DNA is read in ribosomes
- produces mRNA (messenger RNA) which contains codons
codons Correct Ans-set of 3 nucleotide bases that code for a particular amino acid
Translation Correct Ans-mRNA is converted to amino acids (polypeptides)
- produces proteins
- codons pair with anticodons
anticodons Correct Ans-3 nucleotide bases carried by tRNA
Cell division Correct Ans-formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell
mitosis/meiosis
each cell (exc sperm/egg) contain 46 chromosomes (diploid)
sperm and egg cells contain 23 (haploid)
, Mitosis Correct Ans-cell division that occurs in all cells except sex cells
forms 2 daughter cells
Mitosis: components (3) Correct Ans-1) chromatid: 2 strands of chromosomes that are
genetically identical
2) centromere: where 2 chromatids are conneted
3) centrioles: small organelle composed of 9 triplets
Mitosis Stages Correct Ans-1) interphase (s/g): b/t divisions, DNA in strands, DNA
replication
2) prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles to opp ends; nuclear env
deteriorates; lose nucleolus
3) metaphase: chromosomes align
4) anaphase: chromatids separate to form 2 sets of chromosomes, chromosoems move towards
centroiles
5) telophase: chromosomes disperse; nuclear envelope/nucleoli form; cytoplasm divides to form
2 cells
Tissue Correct Ans-group of cells with similar structure and function; plus extracellular
substance (matrix)
Histology: study of tissues
Epithelial tissues Correct Ans-- covers body (internal and external) ex) skin, kidney, trachea
- cells close together (little extracellular matrix)
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