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NUR 280 PATHO EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 2 VERSIONS (VERSION A AND B) 300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+$0.00
1. What do we hear when bruit
blood does not flow correctly
through the artery?
2. What causes a bruit? Endothelial Injury (inflammation, atheroscle-
rosis)
Arterial stenosis (narrowing of artery)
3. What are our clients at risk thrombus formation
for with sluggish, stagnant,
or turbulent blood flow?
4. What are our endothelial lin- Lipids
ing destroyers? Lipoproteins
Glucose
Free Radicals
Nicotine
Homocysteine
5. hyperlipidemia and hyper- atherosclerosis (plaque build up)
tension lead to
6. Extrinsic Pathway of Coagu- When tissue is cut (skin, mucous mem-
lation branes, vessels)
Activation of Factor 7
Contacts tissue factor to form TF-Factor 7
Leading to Factor 10
Measured by lab tests: PT and INR
review recording
7. Intrinsic Pathway of Coagu- Injury to a vessel (ex. AFIB)
lation Activation of Factor 12
Eventually activates Factor 10
Measured by lab test: aPTT
8. Fibrinolysis dissolution of a clot
9. alteplase (rtPA) a drug used to therapeutically break down
clots
, NUR 280 EXAM 2
10. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
6 P's:
Pain
Paraesthesia
Pulseless
Pallor
Cool
Paralysis
- bigger than veins
- high pressure
- thick muscle
- distribute oxygen, nutrients, hormones
11. Veins - blood back to the heart
- stretches more than arteries
- thin-walled
- rely on skeletal muscle
- superficial vs deep
- no pulse
- hold most of the blood in the body
- elevate edema
12. Endothelial Lining Destroy- - trama
ers - smoking
- physical inactivity
- diabetes
- extrinsic and intrinsic pathway
- free radicals
- homocysteine (vitamin 12 deficiency making
it acidic)
13. Hypertension - high blood pressure
- silent killer
- causes strain on the heart
- greater than 130/80
- raises the rate
- high risk: smokers, alcoholics, African Amer-
icans, obesity
- primary and secondary
, NUR 280 EXAM 2
- 2 or more BP readings of systolic greater
than 130 and diastolic greater than 80
- shearing force
- diagnosis: 2 BP, chest/retina exam, bruits,
CMP, BMP and blood glucose, EKG, periph-
eral artery of lower extremities
- teaching: lifestyle modifications, diet low-
er salt, stop smoking, lose weight, increase
physical activity
- medications: arb, ace inhibitors, diuretics
14. Hyperlipidemia - too much LDL, not enough HDL
- high cholesterol
- increases the risk of blockages
- treatment: lifestyle changes/meds/exercise
- diagnosed with LCF
- risk factors: sedentary lifestyle; diabetes;
obesity
- can lead to atherosclerosis
15. Atherosclerosis - a build-up of plaque in arteries
- creates hypotension
- causes lack of blood flow
- hard on the heart, increases BP
- may require surgery
- same treatment as hyperlipidemia (lifestyle
changes/meds/exercise)
- long asymptomatic phase
- risk factors: obesity; hypertension; sex; age;
diabetes
- diagnosis: LCF, CRP, Homocysteine levels
16. Peripheral Atrerial Disease - caused by atherosclerosis + Arteriosclerosis
(PAD) - lowers perfusion to extremities
- low pulse
- the external lining of the artery
- hypertension as a result of narrowed vessels
- gradual onset, 70% occlusion
- diagnosis by ABI (systolic BP of ankle di-
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