MSN 570 HESI MIX-Pathophysiology of the Endocrine
System, MSN 570 Advance Patho, MSN 570 HESI, HESI
Exit Pathophysiology, Alterations of Cardiovascular
Function, Pathophysiology (HESI), MSN 570
make up less than 2% of all leukocytes; have cytoplasmic granules that contain heparin,
serotonin, and histamine Correct Ans-basophils
drugs useful in the early stages of an allergic reaction because they block the response of the
tissues to the released histamine Correct Ans-antihistamine drugs
a sudden and severe life-threatening hypersensitivity or circulatory allergic reaction Correct
Ans-anaphylaxis
block H1 receptors to reduce allergic response Correct Ans-antihistamines
occurs a few hours after exposure; increased leukocytes, particularly eosinophils, release of
additional chemical mediators such as leukotrines, resulting in prolonged inflammation,
bronchoconstriction and epithelial damage Correct Ans-second stage of allergic response
refers to an inherited tendency toward allergic conditions Correct Ans-atopic
increase in this usually indicates an allergic response Correct Ans-eosinophils
characterized by hay fever; is an allergic response to inhalants causing sneezing and profuse
watery nasal discharge Correct Ans-allergic rhinitis
,the cause of this disease has not been identified, although a number of genes on various
chromosomes have been linked to the disease Correct Ans-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS)
10% of cases are considered familial; invariable data over time Correct Ans-amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS)
a progressive degenerative disease affecting both upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex
and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, no indication of inflammation
around the nerves Correct Ans-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
also referred to as botulism (respiratory muscle paralysis) Correct Ans-amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS)
dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor system occurs because of progressive degenerative
changes in the basal nuclei, principally in the substantia nigra Correct Ans-Parkinson's
disease
a decreased number of neurons in the substantial nigra secrete dopamine, an inhibitory
neurotransmitter, leading to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the basal nuclei
Correct Ans-Parkinson's disease
originates from the kidney and stimulates erythrocyte production in the red bone marrow in
response to tissue hypoxia Correct Ans-erythropoietin
indicative of decreased erythropoietin secretion Correct Ans-anemia
chronic renal failure may result from this, such as bilateral pyelonephritis or congenital
polycystic kidney disease Correct Ans-chronic kidney disease
,involves progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function Correct Ans-chronic kidney disease
leading causes are diabetes and hypertension Correct Ans-chronic kidney disease
second leading cause of chronic kidney disease Correct Ans-hypertension
patient goals for this disease include maintaining an acceptable body weight and fluid balance
with dietary modifications or with peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis treatments Correct
Ans-chronic kidney disease
incidence is increasing most rapidly in older patients Correct Ans-chronic kidney disease
stage of CKD with kidney damage with > 90 normal or increased GFR Correct Ans-stage 1
stage of CKD with 60-89 mild decreased GFR Correct Ans-stage 2
stage of CKD with moderate decreased GFR (30-59) Correct Ans-stage 3
stage of CKD with severe decrease in GFR (15-29) Correct Ans-stage 4
stage of CKD with kidney failure (<15 or dialysis) Correct Ans-stage 5
two types of antibody-induced injury can initiate this Correct Ans-glomerular damage
cause a person to develop antibodies against his or her glomerular basement membrane
Correct Ans-anti-GBM antibodies
, may be present if renal failure is related to glomerular membrane dysfunction Correct Ans-
proteinuria
antistreptococcal antibodies create an antigen-antibody complex that lodges in the glomerular
capillaries, activates the compliment system to cause an inflammatory response in the glomeruli
of both kidneys Correct Ans-glomerulonephritis
patient may not experience abdominal pain with this but may have numbness and pain in a
lower extremity secondary to compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve, located in the region
of the first to third lumbar vertebrae Correct Ans-retroperitoneal bleeding
places pressure on abdominal organs located within the contained abdominal cavity Correct
Ans-retroperitoneal bleeding
may indicate an aneurysm Correct Ans-retroperitoneal bleeding
known as "shock lung", "wet lung", "stiff lung", "post perfusion lung", and a variety of other
names related to specific causes Correct Ans-ARDS (adult/acute respiratory distress
syndrome)
systemic sepsis, prolonged shock, burns, aspiration, and smoke inhalation may cause this
Correct Ans-ARDS (acute/adult renal distress syndrome)
fat emboli cause this Correct Ans-ARDS
normally 95-100 mm Hg Correct Ans-PaO2
normally 32-48 mm Hg Correct Ans-PaCO2
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