Stress coping mechanisms - ️️-ensure adequate rest and a healthy diet
-use creative solutions to minimize stressors and adapt quickly to stressor
-regular moderate exercise
-engage in distracting activities
-counseling and support services
-relaxation techniques
Etiology - ️️cause of ...
NURS 220 Pathophysiology Exam
Stress coping mechanisms - ✔️✔️-ensure adequate rest and a healthy diet
-use creative solutions to minimize stressors and adapt quickly to stressor
-regular moderate exercise
-engage in distracting activities
-counseling and support services
-relaxation techniques
Prevention of disease - ✔️✔️-maintaining routine vaccination programs
-participation in screening programs
-community health programs
-regular routine doctor visits
Homeostasis - ✔️✔️The maintenance of stable internal conditions, regardless of
external changes
-good health is maintained w/ proper regulation
-disease may develop if interrupted
Health indicators - ✔️✔️standard statistics that are used to measure and compare
health status
Normal values occur within a range of values, and may vary depending on technoloy
used for measurement
Adjustments may be caused by age, gender, genetics, environment, and activity level
Stages of research process - ✔️✔️Stage 1
-basic science explored
-ID of technology to be used
-work done in the laboratory
-animal cell tissue cultures
,Stage 2
-small number of human subjects
Stage 3
-clinical trials
-involving large number of patients with disease or risk of the disease
-double blind studies
Components of a proper medical history - ✔️✔️-current and prior illnesses
-allergies
-hospitalizations
-treatments
-specific difficulties
-any type of therapy or drugs used
Gross level - ✔️✔️Organ or system level
Microscopic level - ✔️✔️Cellular level
Biopsy - ✔️✔️excision of small amounts of living tissue
Autopsy - ✔️✔️Examination of the body and organs after death
Idiopathic - ✔️✔️unknown cause
Iatrogenic - ✔️✔️produced by treatment
-may cause a certain disease
Chronic disease - ✔️✔️-develops gradually
-usually milder symptoms, often intermittently with acute episodes
, Sub clinical state - ✔️✔️Pathologic changes occur, no obvious manifestations
Latent state - ✔️✔️no symptoms or clinical signs evident
-in infectious diseases, referred to as the incubation period
Prodromal period - ✔️✔️short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
Manifestations - ✔️✔️signs and symptoms of disease
-clinical evidence
-local and systemic indications
Lesions - ✔️✔️Specific local change in the tissue
Syndrome - ✔️✔️Collection of signs and symptoms
Precipitating factor - ✔️✔️Condition that triggers an acute episode
Sequelae - ✔️✔️potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition
Occurrence of disease - ✔️✔️Incidence= number of new cases in a given population
within a given time period
Prevalence= number of new, old, or existing cases within a given population and time
period
Epidemic - ✔️✔️A higher number of expected cases of an infectious disease within a
certain area
Pandemic - ✔️✔️Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very
high proportion of the population.
General Adaptation Syndrome GAS - ✔️✔️1. Alarm stage (mobilization of defenses)
2. Resistance Stage (elevation of hormone levels)
3. Final Stage (resolution or death)
Significant effects of stress response - ✔️✔️Elevated blood pressure and increased
heart rate
Bronchodilation and increased ventilation
Increased blood glucose levels
Arousal of the central nervous system
Decreased inflammatory and immune responses
Specific problems related to stress - ✔️✔️-headache
-stomatitis (ulcers in the mouth) and necrotizing periodontal disease
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