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5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAMList some of the key ideas and goals of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). -
ANSWERS--definition: an *ecological* approach to pest mgmt that combines *all
available necessary techniques* into a *unified program*. The goal is to
*manage* pest populations in a way that *avoids pest damage* and *minimizes
adverse side effects*.
-ecological - takes pest&envt interactions into account
-all available techniques - considers chemical and nonchemical techniques applied
only when necessary
-unified approach - integrates all beneficial control measures
-manages/avoids pest damage - manages pest populations, prevention and
control to avoid damage
-minimize adverse side effects - include killing nontarget organisms to harming
humans and/or envt
List some of the benefits of IPM. - ANSWERS--*IPM helps preserve a balanced
ecosystem* (reduce harm to nontarget beneficial organisms that balance
ecosystem and control other pests)
-*pesticides can be ineffective* (pesticide resistance or having chem not hit plant)
-*IPM can save money* (prevent envtl damage, loss of nontarget species, pest
damage, extra pesticide cost)
-*IPM promotes a healthy environment* (reduce envtl impact, less disposal)
,-*IPM helps maintain a good public image* (requested and sometimes mandated
in many areas of society especially in schools)
Describe when in a plant's life cycle it is best to apply chemical controls and why. -
ANSWERS--herbicides more effective on young, vigorously growing plants
-absorb nutrients/water/herbicides faster
-young = less plant material = easier to get toxic dose to plant = less risk of low DO
-less susceptible once mature and gone to seed (seeds = more dispersal)
Explain how to prevent significant oxygen depletion when using aquatic
herbicides. - ANSWERS--treating younger plants as water is cooler earlier in
season and less OM result in less decrease in DO
List factors that affect the performance of aquatic herbicides. - ANSWERS--water
use when should be restricted (sediment binding to herbicides can stop them
from entering plants; swimmers or boaters could stir up sediment)
-water temp (herbicides require specific water temp to be effective; don't apply
when temp is below 60F as plants are less active and don't take up as much)
-lack of sunlight if treatment requires actively growing plants
Explain why one herbicide application is sometimes not enough to manage
nuisance aquatic plants. - ANSWERS--most aquatic herbicides are contact
treatments with low persistence and don't stop seed or vegetative reproduction
(esp. algae)
-regrowth may need re-treated
,-second treatments targeted at different pests may be needed when a new weed
problem emerges after one species is controlled
Describe the characteristics of the pesticide rotenone. - ANSWERS--restricted-use
pesticide
-WI may only use liquid emulsifiable formulation
-fish kills occur faster (higher rate of mortality) in warmer waters
-is absorbed by veg, algae, and suspended solids, reducing effectiveness (esp. for
carp and bullhead)
-natural detoxification 2-8 weeks in summer, 3-4 months in ice-covered water
-high alkalinity, water temp, turbidity, light, and DO speed detox
Outline the factors that determine the best time for a chemical treatment for fish.
- ANSWERS--lowest h2o levels usually in midsummer/winter
-dispersion of chemicals easiest during turnover
-many fish species congregate or have predictable movement patterns during
some seasons or during changes in water level/temp
-lower water temp = longer period of chem toxicity
-dense veg can hinder chemical dispersion and cause pH fluctuations. high temp
and pH reduce toxicity period and require higher rotenone concentrations
-thick ice may reduce volume of water to be treated, reducing cost; however, it
prevents observations of treatment progress and effectiveness
-public use of many waters is minimal in fall so dead fish removal may not be as
critical at this time, esp. away from residential areas
, Explain use limitations of a water body following a piscicide application. -
ANSWERS--don't let livestock drink water esp. during and immediately following
treatment
-treated water shouldn't be used for stock watering or crop irrigation until
detoxified
-swimming immediately after treatment discouraged
-eating fish killed by pesticides is discouraged
Describe how you would apply piscicide to lakes, streams, and inaccessible areas.
- ANSWERS--*small or inaccessible areas*: backpack sprayers good for treating
shorelines w/ thick vegetation
-*lakes*: depends on lake size and pesticide used; small/moderate lakes usually
disperse pesticides from boat using a boat bailer or pump; pump is good for
shallow/weedy areas or to pump into very deep areas; keep outboard propellers
away from shallow water to not cause turbidity
-*streams*: applied using drip barrels or other devices; drip barrels calibrated to
release chem over period of ~8 hours; hose/valve placed in bung of drum to let
pesticide flow out; place drip stations no more than 6 hour flow away from each
other; downstream stations add just enough pesticide to reach original pesticide
concentration in treated water to compensate for dilution effects and natural
detox in between stations; treat only waters with target species; terminus of
project ideally should be a pond drained as low as possible to store treated water
Describe some characteristics of detoxification techniques for fish control. -
ANSWERS--potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chlorine bleach - administered
with drip barrels, oxidizing agent accelerates detox
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