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MCB 104 Unit 3: Cell Biology Exam Questions With Correct Answers

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MCB 104 Unit 3: Cell Biology Exam Questions With Correct Answers What are the 3 domains? - answerBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya What units do we measure cells in for radius and volume? - answermicrometers, femtoliters Minimum resolvable distance in: EM, light microscopy, human eye - answer2 nm, 200...

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  • November 12, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/05/2024 1:06 AM


MCB 104 Unit 3: Cell Biology Exam
Questions With Correct Answers


What are the 3 domains? - answer✔Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What units do we measure cells in for radius and volume? - answer✔micrometers, femtoliters

Minimum resolvable distance in: EM, light microscopy, human eye - answer✔2 nm, 200 nm, 0.2 mm

resolution - answer✔r = distance by which two closely spaced objects can be distinguished

r and wavelength of illumination are proportional

What is empty magnification? - answer✔increasing magnification in the eyepiece only; the objective
lens gives resolution

What is the max resolution of a light microscope? - answer✔200 nm

What does a light microscope use? - answer✔phase contrast - phase shifts due to light passing different
media causes brightness changes

What is the max resolution of electron microscopy? - answer✔~2 nm

What is TEM and describe the procedure? - answer✔transmission electron microscopy;

1. fix cells

2. cut very thin sections

3. stain with heavy metals that scatter electrons to create contrast

prokaryote - answer✔no organelles/nucleus; has compartments, cytoskeleton, cell wall, nucleoid, inner
and outer plasma membrane

fluorescence microscopy - answer✔A fluorescent molecule (e.g. antibody - which binds to target amino
acids) is attached to a protein of interest. Use an excitation light of known wavelength, which causes an
emission light of longer wavelength (lower energy).

superresolution microscopy - answer✔physical properties of fluorescent samples are exploited using
various optical and computational techniques to increase resolution beyond the diffraction limit

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/05/2024 1:06 AM

What is GFP? - answer✔green fluorescent protein; found in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria

How crowded are cells? - answer✔very, space between molecules = size of molecules

What are advantages of compartmentalization of a cell? - answer✔1. concentrate specific molecules

2. provide distinct microenvironments

3. sequester harmful molecules

4. enable regulation

Why do cellular lipid spontaneously form bilayers? - answer✔entropy change is positive when fatty acid
tails pack against each other and exclude H2O molecules

phosphoglyceride - answer✔alcohol - phosphate - glycerol - 2 fatty acids

sphingolipid - answer✔alcohol (choline/ethanolamine) - phosphate - sphingosine - fatty acid

Why is cholesterol important? - answer✔membrane rigidity, precursor for steroid hormones

What is unique about membrane composition? - answer✔extracellular and cytoplasmic sides each have
different compositions of lipids

Where can exoplasmic faces face? - answer✔outside the cell OR inside vesicles/organelles

What protein structure spans membranes? - answer✔alpha helix - hydrophobic residues on membrane

What are the 4 types of membrane protein insertions? - answer✔1. covalently attached lipid tail

2. electrostatic interaction - polar head of phospholipid (-) attracted to (+) charged protein

3. partial insertion

4. bind to a different transmembrane protein

What are the functions of the membrane? - answer✔1. prevent molecules/ions from leaking out

2. separation of charge -> membrane potential

3. platform for signaling complexes

pump transport protein - answer✔absolute specificity, 100 ions/s, against gradient -> needs energy
input

carrier transport protein - answer✔intermediate specificity, <1000 ions/s, downhill, no energy needed

steps of signal transduction pathway - answer✔1. relay

2. amplify

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