STUDY: Ramsey 1994- (mental patients) - ️️College participants recorded attitudes
toward mental patients. The patients were either defined as "highly depressed," "one
who hallucinates," "one who is manic," or "one who is paranoid."
Participants then read about a student at their school. If t...
UNCG Psych 462: Exam 2
STUDY: Ramsey 1994- (mental patients) - ✔️✔️College participants recorded attitudes
toward mental patients. The patients were either defined as "highly depressed," "one
who hallucinates," "one who is manic," or "one who is paranoid."
Participants then read about a student at their school. If the story matched their
stereotypes, there was a strong correlation between prejudice and reported
discrimination which was based on a list of things they would be
willing to do with the student.
Dis-inhibitors- - ✔️✔️Factors that reduce motivation to control prejudice
Anonymity- no one will know
strong emotions- especially anger and anxiety
alcohol consumption
implied approval of authority figure
other people's behavior- those high in prejudice are mostly affected by others'
behaviors
what factors influence the strength of interpersonal discrimination? (9) - ✔️✔️1)
Personal Stereotypes
2) Attitude-Behavior Correspondence
3) Perceived Social Support-
4) Motivation to Control Prejudice-
5) Social Norms-
6) Regressive Prejudice-
7) Executive Function-
8) Dis-inhibitors-
9) Moral Credentials-
What Is Discrimination? - ✔️✔️Behaving differently toward people based on their
membership in a social group
- Usually unfair or demeaning
Forms of Discrimination (4) - ✔️✔️1) Blatant discrimination
2) Subtle discrimination
3) Microaggressions
4) Covert discrimination
Blatant discrimination - ✔️✔️unequal and harmful treatment that is typically intentional,
visible, and easily documented
,2009- Shephard-Byrd study (hate crime bill) - ✔️✔️hate crime bill was passed after two
males were brutally attacked
and killed after hate crimes due to sexual orientation and race
Subtle discrimination - ✔️✔️unequal and harmful treatment that is less visible and
obvious; internalized as normal - includes hostile humor or jokes
Microaggressions - ✔️✔️small-scale, everyday behaviors that demean other groups
Covert discrimination - ✔️✔️unequal and harmful treatment that is hidden and often
maliciously motivated
STUDY: Carpusor 2006- (rental properties) - ✔️✔️Tenants of rental properties were
telling applicants of different
racial groups that there were no availabilities when there were. They turned away only
11% of white applicants, 34% of middle eastern applicants, and 44% black applicants.
Interpersonal Discrimination - ✔️✔️Moderate correlation between prejudice and
discrimination
Personal Stereotypes- - ✔️✔️People are more likely to discriminate against outgroup
members who fit their stereotype of the outgroup
Attitude-Behavior Correspondence - ✔️✔️If measures of prejudice and
discrimination are (un) controllable, there is a high correspondence between them
STUDY: White college students were tested for implicit and explicit prejudice. They then
had a conversation with a black confederate in which their behaviors were coded. High
explicit prejudice correlated with
controllable verbal behaviors but not nonverbal behaviors. Implicit
prejudice correlated with nonverbal behaviors.
Perceived Social Support- - ✔️✔️Extent to which people believe others share their
attitudes;
Attitudes for which people perceive social support are more closely related to their
behavior
STUDY: Sechrist 2001- (tested for prejudice beliefs) - ✔️✔️College participants were
tested for prejudice beliefs and were told either 80% of other students agreed with them
, or only 19% of students agreed with them. Those who were high in prejudice and high
perceived social support sat further away from minority students.
Motivation to Control Prejudice- - ✔️✔️Internal motivation - a personal belief that
prejudice is wrong, is associated with lower implicit and explicit prejudice
External motivation - a result of social pressure, is associated with higher prejudice
Social Norms- - ✔️✔️informal rules that groups develop that describe how to be a good
group member; Group norms sometimes promote prejudices
STUDY: Blanchard 1991- (threatening letter) - ✔️✔️Participants received a threatening
letter. They then had to answer questions about what the writer was like as a person.
Sitting in a group, they gave similar/same answers.
Regressive Prejudice- - ✔️✔️Unintended expressions of prejudice by people who are
otherwise low in prejudice; Occurs because controlling prejudice requires attention and
mental resources
Stereotypes may "leak out" through nonverbal behavior when trying to control their
effects
Executive Function- - ✔️✔️Cognitive demands deplete executive function
STUDY: Govorun 2006- (stroop test) - ✔️✔️Participants completed a Stroop test. In
condition 1, they completed 30 trials. In condition 2, they completed 300 trials. In
completing a stereotype-consistent vs non-consistent task, those who were more
fatigued made more stereotypic errors.
Moral Credentials- - ✔️✔️allows people to show others that they are not prejudiced;
- Reduces their worry that future behavior will be construed as prejudiced
STUDY: Monin 2001- (sexist memos from CEO) - ✔️✔️Participants read sexist memos
from the CEO regarding job applicants. Did participants agree or disagree with the
notes?
Those high in moral credentials disagreed with the notes, but were still more likely to
select a male for the job.
Reactions to Having Acted in a Prejudiced Manner- - ✔️✔️Feelings of discomfort and
guilt
If confronted, guilt is influenced by the person doing the confronting;
in-group confrontation creates a reflective reaction while out-group confrontation creates
a defensive reaction.
Guilt leads to actions that reaffirm one's self-image
STUDY: Dutton 1973- (physiological devices ) - ✔️✔️Participants were hooked up to
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