Summary
samenvatting blok 1
- Course
- Institution
samenvatting van de tentamenstof, bevat medisch biologisch, fysiotherapeutische zorg, gedrag en communicatie.
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Samenvatting zorg blok 1Inhoudsopgave
Medische Biologie ............................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1. Spieranatomie (skeletspieren) ..................................................................................................................... 7
Spiercontractie: ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Spierontspanning:.......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2. Energiesystemen ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Synthese van ATP .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Spiervezeltypen ............................................................................................................................................. 9
1.3. Trainen......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Algemene trainingsprincipes ......................................................................................................................... 9
Trainingsvariabelen ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Training van duuruithoudingsvermogen ..................................................................................................... 10
Krachttraining (= het gebruik van training tegen een weerstand om een toename in spierkracht en
uithoudingsvermogen te krijgen) ................................................................................................................ 11
1.4. Gewrichten ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Fibreuze gewrichten .................................................................................................................................... 12
Kraakbeenachtige gewrichten ..................................................................................................................... 12
Synoviale gewrichten ................................................................................................................................... 12
Homeostatische onbalans in gewrichten .................................................................................................... 14
1.5. Het hart ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Anatomie van het hart................................................................................................................................. 14
Fysiologie van het hart ................................................................................................................................ 15
1.6. Respiratoir systeem ................................................................................................................................... 15
1.7. Gassen en drukken .................................................................................................................................... 18
Zuurstoftransport ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Relatie tussen druk in de luchtwegen en intrapleurale druk....................................................................... 19
1.8. Spieradaptatie en vermoeidheid ............................................................................................................... 19
Aanpassing op krachttraining ...................................................................................................................... 20
Aanpassingen op anaerobe training ............................................................................................................ 20
Aanpassing op aerobe training .................................................................................................................... 20
Musculaire vermoeidheid ............................................................................................................................ 21
Leerdoelen ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
Fysiotherapeutisch ......................................................................................................................................... 23
1.2. Fysiotherapeutisch methodisch handelen ................................................................................................. 23
5 fasen aan de hand van de KNGF-richtlijn dossiervoering ......................................................................... 24
Binnen fysiotherapeutisch handelen ........................................................................................................... 24
1.3. Therapeutisch trainen................................................................................................................................ 25
ICF-classificatie ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Gedragsmatige factoren ................................................................................................................................. 26
→ gedragsmatige/psychologische/lifestyle factoren....................................................................................... 26
Socio-economische factoren ............................................................................................................................ 26
1
,- Economische factoren ............................................................................................................................. 26
- Niveau van opleiding .............................................................................................................................. 26
- Toegang tot gezondheidszorg................................................................................................................. 26
- Ondersteuning van familie/vrienden ...................................................................................................... 26
Therapeutische interventies ............................................................................................................................ 26
- Aerobic conditionering en re conditionering ........................................................................................... 26
- Spierfunctie oefeningen → kracht, vermogen, duur ............................................................................... 26
- Neuromusculaire controle → neurogene adaptatie = eerste 6 weken past het lichaam zich erg aan –
steeds meer motorunits gaan gebruiken .......................................................................................................... 26
- Mobilisatietechnieken → spierrekking, gewrichtsmobiliteit................................................................... 26
- Posturale controle → beste positie is de volgende positie → niet lang in dezelfde positie zitten .......... 26
- Balans- en behendigheidsoefeningen ..................................................................................................... 26
- Ontspanningsoefeningen ........................................................................................................................ 26
- Ademhalingsoefeningen ......................................................................................................................... 26
- Taakspecifieke trainingen ....................................................................................................................... 26
Grondmotorische eigenschappen ..................................................................................................................... 27
1) Kracht ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
- Altijd eerst 1 RM berekenen .................................................................................................................... 27
2) Coördinatie ............................................................................................................................................. 27
- Insluipen van bewegingspatronen en volgorde van bewegingen ........................................................... 27
3) Snelheid................................................................................................................................................... 27
- Kracht en coördinatie gecombineerd ...................................................................................................... 27
4) Lenigheid/mobiliteit ................................................................................................................................ 27
- Huidmobiliteit ......................................................................................................................................... 27
- Zenuwmobiliteit ...................................................................................................................................... 27
- Gewrichtsmobiliteit ................................................................................................................................. 27
- Spierlengte .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Uithoudingsvermogen ...................................................................................................................................... 27
- Iedere fase kent een ander dominant energiesysteem ........................................................................... 27
1.4. Motorisch leren ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Taak:................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Mobiliteit, stabiliteit, manipulatie .................................................................................................................... 28
Individu: ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Perceptie, cognitie, actie .................................................................................................................................. 28
Omgeving: ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Gereguleerd, niet gereguleerd ......................................................................................................................... 28
2) Hoe leert iemand .................................................................................................................................... 28
- Expliciet = bewust leren, vergt veel aandacht en reflectie (stapje voor stapje)...................................... 28
- Impliciet = geen tot weinig instructies nodig (trial & error) ................................................................... 28
2
,3) Welke fase van leren is van toepassing .................................................................................................. 28
Cognitief ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
- Bezig met het begrijpen van de taak/aanleren van de beweging .......................................................... 28
- Veel aandacht nodig voor uitvoeren van de taak ................................................................................... 28
- Snelle progressie ..................................................................................................................................... 28
- Variabele uitkomst .................................................................................................................................. 28
Associatief ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
- Persoon heeft beste strategie geselecteerd ............................................................................................ 28
- Minder variatie in uitvoering .................................................................................................................. 28
- Progressie is langzamer .......................................................................................................................... 28
- Afhankelijk van intensiteit van de oefening ............................................................................................ 28
- Cognitieve aspecten worden minder belangrijk ...................................................................................... 28
Autonoom ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
- Vaardigheid is geautomatiseerd ............................................................................................................. 28
- Weinig aandacht nodig ........................................................................................................................... 28
- Aandacht richten op andere aspecten → omgeving/dubbeltaken ......................................................... 28
4) Wat voor soort feedback is er nodig ....................................................................................................... 28
Intrinsieke feedback ........................................................................................................................................ 28
= feedback van jezelf ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Extrinsieke feedback ........................................................................................................................................ 28
= feedback van een ander, wat je zelf misschien niet doorhad ........................................................................ 28
Knowledge of performance ............................................................................................................................. 28
= feedback over de kwaliteit van de uitvoering ................................................................................................ 28
Knowledge of results ....................................................................................................................................... 28
= feedback over de uitkomst van de beweging (is het doel van de beweging gehaald?) ................................. 28
- Timing en frequentie: balans in vinden en aanvoelen wat bij patiënt past ............................................ 29
5) Hoeveel oefening is er nodig ................................................................................................................... 29
- Begrijpen ................................................................................................................................................. 29
- Aandacht ................................................................................................................................................. 29
- Voordoen → verbaal/non-verbaal .......................................................................................................... 29
- Praatje plaatje daadje ............................................................................................................................ 29
1.5 Biomechanica (natuurkunde op de mens).......................................................................................... 29
1) Kracht nodig om in beweging te komen → v = constant – F=0 .............................................................. 29
2) F = m x a → kracht is massa x snelheid................................................................................................... 29
3) Fab = -Fba → kracht a op b is kracht b op a ........................................................................................... 29
Biomechanica ................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Leer van mechanica uit het lichaam ....................................................................................................... 29
- Natuurkundige begrippen ....................................................................................................................... 29
3
, - Toegepaste kennis → vorm en functie (anatomie) en fysiologie ............................................................ 29
Algemene begrippen ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Beweging ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Lichaam/object door de ruimte .............................................................................................................. 29
→ richting, hoek, snelheid, gewicht, kracht ..................................................................................................... 29
Krachten ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Trek/duw ................................................................................................................................................. 29
- Hoek, snelheid, timing, plaats van kracht ............................................................................................... 29
- Positieve druk → explosie ....................................................................................................................... 29
- Negatieve druk → implosie (vingers uit elkaar trekken (gewricht) synoviale vloeistof kan open ruimte
niet gelijk opvangen -> gat) .............................................................................................................................. 29
Momentum ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Invloed van gewicht en snelheid ............................................................................................................. 29
- Traagheid → bij langzaam lopen moeilijker om te stabiliseren.............................................................. 29
- Bowlingbal vs basketbal ......................................................................................................................... 29
Momentsarm ................................................................................................................................................... 29
3 componenten in basissysteem ....................................................................................................................... 29
- Externe kracht ......................................................................................................................................... 29
- Kracht arm .............................................................................................................................................. 29
- Punt van rotatie (draaipunt, as).............................................................................................................. 29
- Momentum = arm x kracht ..................................................................................................................... 29
- Langere arm (afstand tot gewicht) = zwaarder ...................................................................................... 29
Balans ............................................................................................................................................................... 29
Stabiliteit .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Oppervlakte ............................................................................................................................................ 29
- Afstand .................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Gewicht ................................................................................................................................................... 29
- Snelheid................................................................................................................................................... 30
Centrum van zwaartekracht ............................................................................................................................. 30
- Binnen het steunvlak ............................................................................................................................... 30
Beweging in gesloten keten ............................................................................................................................ 30
- Distale segment is gefixeerd ................................................................................................................... 30
- Proximale segment beweegt .................................................................................................................. 30
- Bijvoorbeeld push-ups ............................................................................................................................. 30
Beweging in een open keten ........................................................................................................................... 30
- Het meest distale segment van een keten beweegt in de ruimte ........................................................... 30
- Bijvoorbeeld schrijven ............................................................................................................................. 30
Spieractie ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Agonisten.......................................................................................................................................................... 30
4
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