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Jersey College A&P Final Exam
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Jersey College A&P Final Exam
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JERSEY COLLEGE A&P FINAL EXAMCOMPLETE DETAILED CASE STUDY
lwhat is the lymphatic system? - system of tissues and vessels scattered throughout the body and
services almost all regions
what are the parts of the lymphatic system? - tonsils, thymus, spleen, peyer patch, small intestine,
appendix, lymph nodes and vessels
functions of the lymphatic system - fluid balance, protection, and absorption of fats
lymphatic circulation is - one-way system that begins in the tissues and ends when the lymph joins the
blood
lymphatic capillaries - walls (endothelium) flattened epithelial cells, more permeable, cells overlap
slightly, forming one-way valves, lacteals absorb fat, arise blindly (closed at one end)
lymphatic vessels - include superficial and deep sets, right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct - short vessel receives only lymph that comes from the body's superior right
quadrant and empties into right subclavian vein near heart
thoracic duct - receives lymph from all parts of the body except those superior to the diaphragm on the
right side; drains into thee left subclavian vein
cisterna chyli - first part of the thoracic duct enlarged to form cistern or a temp storage pouch
movement of lymph toward heart is caused by: - valves in lymphatic vessels
contraction of lymphatic vessels
,skeletal muscle contraction
breathing
roughly how many lymph nodes are in the body? - about 600
lymphoid tissue - distributed throughout the body and makes up specialized organs
lymph nodes - small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter the lymph
lymph - fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, clear fluid;
hilum - indented area that is the exit point for efferent lymphatic vessels carrying lymph out of the node
cervical nodes - located in the neck in deep and superficial groups, drain parts of head and neck
axillary nodes - located in armpits
tracheobronchial nodes - near the trachea and around the larger bronchial tubes
mesenteric nodes - found between the two layers of peritoneum that form the mesentry, 100-150 nodes
Inguinal nodes - located in groin region, receive lymph drainage from lower extremities and from
external reproductive organs
buboes - enlarged Inguinal nodes
the spleen - cleanses blood through filtration and phagocytosis, destroys old blood cells, produces red
blood cells before birth, serves as a reservoir for blood
, splenectomy - surgical removal of the the spleen
lacteals - specialized lymphatic capillaries in the lining of the small intestine that absorb fats
the thymus - plays a role in early immune system development, t cells mature, shrinks after puberty,
produce thymosin
appendix - fingerlike tube of lymphatic tissue that figures into the development of immunity
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) - important barrier against infection; found in portions of
digestive, respiratory, and urogenital mucosal linings; helps to destroy contaminants by means of
phagocytosis and production of antibodies
gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) - largest aggregations of MALT found in the digestive tract
tonsils - protect against inhaled or ingested contaminants; trap pathogens;surgery to treat if become
infected or swollen and reoccurs which makes swallowing and breathing difficult
palatine tonsils - oval bodies located at each side of the soft palate; generally what one refers to as
"tonsils"
pharyngeal tonsil - commonly called adenoid; located behind the nose on the posterior wall of pharynx
lingual tonsils - little mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue
lymphadenopathy - disease of the lymph nodes
lymphedema - swelling that obstructs lymph flow
four phases of respiration - pulmonary ventilation, external gas exchange, gas transport in the blood, and
internal gas exchange
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