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HIS 144 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

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HIS 144 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers Enlightenment: - CORRECT ANSWER- - a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. -It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, ...

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HIS 144 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Enlightenment: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - a European intellectual movement of the late
17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
-It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and
Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam
Smith.
-Age of Reason
-weakened hold on traditional religion,emergence of deism
-Secular code of ethics apart from what the church believes
-Curiosity about history:believed in humanity progress
-human reason in solving most of humanity's' problems

Thomas Hobbes: (English Civil War) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -Wrote the Leviathan
(Social Contract) in 1651 which was revolutionary bc it dealt with social contract, the act of
giving your freedom to a government and in return receiving protection, but this goes both
ways and the people have the right to ask for the return of that freedom if the government
does not come through.
-Government provides security while people give up some liberty.
-Believed that mankind was inherently selfish and evil; cannot be trusted to care for certain
affairs

John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -wrote two treaties on government
-believed humans were reasonable, and were born with a blank slate, and that environment
shapes the person

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government
powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the
people. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Thomas Paine: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

, Wrote the "Rights of Man" which defended the actions taken in the French Revolution; was
written in response to Burkes "Reflections on the Revolution in France" - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-

believed that the sole purpose of the government is to protect the individual; often compared
to the "Common Sense" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

His counterpart was Edmund Burke and together they created the modern "Right and Left" in
politics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Mercantilism: belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism (google definition) -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Common Sense : gave reasons easy to understand. Thomas Paine 1776 Criticizes England
and the King. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Paine published his pamphlet Common Sense in January 1776, exhorting Americans to rise in
opposition to the British government and establish a new government based on
Enlightenment ideals. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Historians have cited the publication of this pamphlet as the event that finally sparked the
Revolutionary War. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Paine also published rational criticisms of religion, most famously in The Age of Reason
(1794-1807). In which argued that the colonists should free themselves from British rule and
establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals - one that would protect
man's natural rights. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Napoleon Bonaparte: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

Coup d'etat Acted to restore peace, allowed refugees to return, allowed catholic church to
return. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-

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