MBA 704- Chapter 13 & 14 Questions And
Answers
Ohio State Leadership Studies -Two dimensions of leadership:
1. Consideration= recognition of individual needs and relationships
2. Initiating structure= task or goal orientation
--Studies show only how leaders carry out their leadership function...
Ohio State Leadership Studies -Two dimensions of leadership:
1. Consideration= recognition of individual needs and relationships
2. Initiating structure= task or goal orientation
--Studies show only how leaders carry out their leadership function
-Two-dimensional approach lessened the gap between the strict task orientation of the scientific
management movement and the human relations emphasis
-Multilevel leadership: person, dyad, group, and collective/community
Early Michigan Leadership Studies -Conduced around same time as the Ohio State studies
-Results: Supervisors of high-producing section were more general rather than close in their
supervisory styles and be employee-centered; whereas, supervisors in low-producing sections
were close, production-centered.
-Employee satisfaction is NOT directly related to productivity, the type of supervision was key to
performance.
**General, employee-centered supervisor= standard-bearer for the traditional human relations
approach to leadership
, MBA 704- Chapter 13 & 14 Questions And
Answers
Great person theory of leadership -Some individuals are born with certain traits that allow
them to emerge out of any situation or period of history to become leaders
-Avolio & Luthans: leadership is affect by BOTH nature (genetics) and nurture (development)
Trait theory of Leadership -Identifying the personality traits of the leader
-Biggest problems facing managers: they think they know what the qualities of a successful
leader; yet almost any adjective can be used to describe a successful leader
-"Big Five" personality traits led to strong empirical support for the leader trait perspective
Situational approach -Initially called "Zeitgeist;" German for "spirit of the time"
-The leader is viewed as a product of the time and the situation; the person with the particular
qualities or traits that a situation requires will emerge as a leader
-Serves as the basis for situational/"contingency"/contextual theories of leadership
Traits to States and Skills Development -Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) aids in
understanding and developing leadership
, MBA 704- Chapter 13 & 14 Questions And
Answers
--Optimism, hope, resiliency, emotional intelligence, and especially self-efficacy are related to
effective leaders
-Skill development: Yukl- creativity, organization, persuasiveness, diplomacy and tactfulness,
knowledge of the task, and the ability to speak well.
-Study of leader "competencies"
1. Drive
2. Leadership motivation
3. Integrity
4. Self-confidence
5. Intelligence
6. Knowledge of the business
7. Emotional Intelligence
Group and Exchange Theories of Leadership -There must be a positive exchange between
the leaders and followers in order for group goals to be accomplished.
-Leadership is an exchange process between the leader and followers.
-Followers affect leaders and their behaviors as much as leaders and their behaviors affect
followers.
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