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Intro to Criminology Exam Review Chapters 1-4 with Correct Answers
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Intro to Criminology Exam Review Chapters 1-4 with Correct Answers
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Intro to Criminology Exam ReviewChapters 1-4 with Correct Answers
Crime - Answer-An act that is defined, prohibited, and punished
Deviance - Answer-Broad spectrum of appearances it becomes deviance until it is
harmful
Criminology - Answer-An academic discipline that uses the scientific method to study
the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior
What do criminologists do? - Answer-Create valid and reliable measures of criminal
behavior/trends through:
- analysis
- measurement
- identification
- testing
Law and Society - Answer-The role of criminal law in shaping society
Penology - Answer-Punishment, sanctions, corrections
- rehabilitation
- social control
Classical School (Cesare Beccaria & Jeremy Bentham) - Answer-Theoretical
Perspective
- suggests that people have the free will to choose to commit a crime
- crime can be deterred by fear of punishment
- certain, severe, and swift
Positive School - Answer-Emphasized the application of the scientific method
- understand the people who committed the crime
Chicago School - Answer-Look at cities with rapid changes
Ex: immigration
Consensus view of crime - Answer-It is a crime
Conflict view of crime - Answer-Control behavior
Interactionist view of crime - Answer-The acts become crimes because society saids so
Code of Hammurabi - Answer-Most famous set of written laws of the ancient world
- "Eye for an eye"
, - system based on physical retaliation (Lex Talionis)
- covered the subjects of religion: military services
Mosaic code - Answer-Basis of the US legal system
- 10 commandments
- emphasizes prohibitions against murder, theft, perjury, and adultery
Mala in se - Answer-Bad in itself: murder, robbery, larceny
Mala prohibitum - Answer-Wrong due to being prohibited: public intoxication, illegal
gambling, speeding
Felony - Answer-1 year or more
Misdemeanor - Answer-Less than a year, community service, probation
3 general principles adopted from Britain - Answer-1. Legality
2. Mens rea (intent)
3. Punishment
Principle of Legality - Answer-For an act to be a crime, there must be a law criminalizing
the action at the time it was committed
Principle of Intent ("Guilty Mind") - Answer-For an act to be a crime, the person
committing the act must have intended to commit it
Principle of Punishment - Answer-For an act to be a crime, some punishment must be
specified
Criminal Law - Answer-Criminal law must specify a punishment
Civil Law - Answer-Civil law does not have to specify a punishment
- easier to get convicted
- rules of evidence are more lenient
- defendant may be orders to pay a sum of money
6 contemporary purposes of criminal law - Answer-1. Deterrence
2. Retribution
3. Punishment
4. Incapacitation
5. Equity
6. Social Control
UCR (Uniform Crime Report) - Answer-Contains data on crime from about 17,000 law
enforcement agencies serving a majority of the US population
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