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SPHR EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
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SPHR EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIEDDETAILED ANSWERS
Name three quality tools. - ANSWER 1.) Ishikawa Diagram: (also known as Fishbone
diagram or cause-and-effect diagram): Presents a visual representation of factors that
affect whether a desired outcome will be obtained.
2.) Histogram: Depict information about a single factor. Can help identify patterns or
explanations.
3.) Pareto Chart: Pareto principle - aka 80/20 rule - says 80% of the effects flow from
20% of causes. Helps the person focus effort where there is the greatest likelihood of
maximizing payoff.
What are the processes involved in project management? - ANSWER 1.) Initiation: Get
approval to start the project.
2.) Planning: Determine objectives and best options that will facilitate these objectives.
3.) Implementing: It all comes together.
4.) Controlling: Maintaining the scope of the project and aligning with original
objectives; involves follow-up.
5.) Closure: Includes "sign off" processes to indicate the project is complete. Identify if
project has fulfilled its commitments.
What are the four functions of a manager, known as the POLC leadership model? -
ANSWER 1.) Planning: Lays the groundwork for how managers will work together
achieving the organization's goals.
2.) Leading: The leader attempts to shape and regulate the behavior of the employees
through motivation, communication, education, group dynamics, and discipline.
3.) Organizing: Links people, places and things, i.e., designation of reporting
relationships, etc.
4.) Controlling: Evaluative oversight; if there is gap between targeted goals and results,
center on how to bridge the gap.
,Balance sheet. - ANSWER A statement that lists all of the assets, liabilities, and
shareholder/owner's equity of a business as of a given point in time. The total of the
assets must be equal to the sum of the liabilities + shareholder/owner's equity.
Sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position.
Activity-based budgeting. - ANSWER Budgeting approach in which costs of individual
activities are assessed, compared to other activities performed within the organization,
and looked at within the context of the overarching organizational objectives and the
degree to which those activities contribute to the attainment of those objectives.
Formula budgeting. - ANSWER Budgeting approach in which the proposed budget is
developed by applying a consistent formula to the current budget figures (e.g., 3%
increase).
Incremental budgeting. - ANSWER Process by which a new budget is developed using
the budget for the current period as a starting point; "tweaking" of the current budget.
Zero-based budgeting. - ANSWER Process by which the proposed budget is not based
on current or prior expenses, revenues, or performance. Rather, the budgeting process
begins, each time, "from scratch."
Income statement. - ANSWER A financial instrument that enumerates and documents
revenues and expenses over a particular period of time.
What are the 4Ps, or categories, of marketing plans? - ANSWER 1.) Product
2.) Place
3.) Price
4.) Promotion
Functional organizational structure. - ANSWER Composed of departments, each
responsible for a different function. This is the most common type of organizational
structure. Generally hierarchical in nature, in that each employee reports to one, and
only one, individual.
,Divisional organizational structure. -ANSWER Decentralized approach, they are
segmented based upon some shared characteristic, such as geographic region,
customer base, product line, etc. Each division would contain all of the people and
functions necessary to achieve its objectives. Still primarily hierarchical, but possible to
have some dotted line reporting relationships.
Matrix organizational structure. - ANSWER A combination of functional and divisional
organizational structures, for instance, HR and other core functions would be divided up
by region. May report to two managers rather than just one; there are two chains of
command. Tend to be effective in project-driven environments.
What are the four phases of the organizational life cycle? - ANSWER 1.) Introduction or
"birth)
2.) Development or "growth"
3.) Maturity
4.) Decline
WARN Act of 1988 - ANSWER - Applies to employers with 100 or more full-time
employees-or the equivalent FTEs
- At least 60 days' written notice is needed before a mass layoff or plant closing.
- Under the DOL, a mass layoff occurs under the following sets of circumstances:
1. Mass layoff not caused by a plant closing-except that for 500 or more employees in
any 30-day period, or for 50-499 employees if they constitute at least 33 percent of the
active workforce.
2. Does not qualify under the other thresholds, but the aggregate employment losses for
two or more categories of workers, each of which is below the number that would be
required to qualify under the single-threshold provision, equals or exceeds the
threshold during any 90-day period, of either a plant closing or mass layoff. Losses in
employment within any 90-day time frame will be aggregated to meet the WARN
threshold levels unless the employer can prove that the 90-day period's employment
losses are the consequence of separate and distinct actions and causes.
- Plant closing is described as the closing of an employment location where the loss will
bring about employment loss to 50 or more employees within any 30-consecutive-day
time frame.
, Transactional leadership style. - ANSWER Characterized by the possibility of rewards
and the threat of punishment. This is a "no news is good news" approach to
leadership-leaders get involved only when goals are not met or when employees are not
adhering to stated rules.
Transformational leadership style. - ANSWER Transformational leaders are coaches,
not enforcers. They model the behavior they expect the group to emulate, and they
focus on relationships as well as tasks.
Laissez-faire leadership style. - ANSWER Allows group members to operate on their
own. Coaches work with group members to develop skills and abilities so they will be
able to operate independently.
Authoritative leadership style. - ANSWER Effective in situations requiring immediate
action or those that are life threatening. When productivity is of utmost concern,
authoritarian leadership may be the best style.
Democratic leadership style. - ANSWER Most effective in environments of highly skilled
professional employees who are self-motivated and accomplish tasks on their own.
OSHA Form 300 - ANSWER Log of work-related injuries and illnesses (cumulative).
Work-related injuries or illnesses must be recorded on this form within 7 working days.
Must NOT record First Aid, but anything beyond First Aid.
Recordables include:
1.) Death
2.) Days away from work
3.) Restricted work/job transfer
4.) Medical Treatment beyond First Aid is required. - NOT DIAGNOSIS (if the
TREATMENT is less than first aid treatment, then it does not have to be recorded, such
as an x-ray where no major treatment was required)
5.) Loss of Consciousness
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