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NSG 533 - Exam 4 2024/2025 verified Solution
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NSG 533 - Exam 4 2024/2025 verified Solution
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Passed!!2024/2025
NSG 533 - Exam 4
Anemia can contribute to: Answer: coronary ischemia
Composition of blood Answer: 5.5L total. 50-55% = plasma; 90% water
Erythropoesis is stimulated by... Answer: erythropoetin
Hemoglobin A Answer: the majority of adult hemoglobin. 97% of circulating
hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 beta chains.
HbA2 Answer: minor adult hemoglobin. 2-3% of circulating hemoglobin. 2
alpha and 2 delta chains.
Hemoglobin F Answer: Fetal hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains. Has a
greater affinity for and more regularly binds O2.
Anemia Answer: a decrease in circulating red blood cells in the body, as
reflected by a reduction in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and/or RBCs. Less than 14 in
men and less than 12 in women.
Normal RBC Answer: 4.5-6
Normal Hemoglobin Answer: >13 in men, >12 in women.
, Passed!!
2024/2025
Normal HCT Answer: 40-50in men; 35-45 in women. usually 3x the
hemoglobin count.
Reticulocyte count Answer: Low (<0.5%) High (>2%) if high, bone marrow is
trying to compensate for loss in hgb or red cells. problem exists outside of the
bome marrow
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) Answer: description of the volume of an
RBC. NOT DIAGNOSTIC
RDW (red cell distribution width) Answer: 11.5-15 %; index of variation in RBC
size and shape. Indicates evolving macro/microcytic anemia.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) Answer: commonly used: 27 - 31 pg/
cell
Amount of hemoglobin per RBC
Microcytic anemia Answer: Iron deficiency, thalassemia, inflammation. low
MCV <80. Low reticulocyte count. Underproduction.
macrocytic anemia Answer: Underproduction. B12 deficiency, Folic Acid
Deficiency, Antimetabolite drugs. MCV > 100; low reticulocyte count
Normocytic Anemia Answer: MCV 80-100; low reticulocyte count; ex:
dilutional/iatrogenic secondary to phlebotomy.
, Passed!!
2024/2025
Folate Deficiency Anemia Answer: Macrocytic anemia; poor intake; low retic,
elevate MCV/MCH, thrombocytopenia ad neutropenia, elevated homocysteine;
low RBC folate. Eat orange fruits! Never treat folate deficiency without testing for
B12 deficiency - can worsen neurological symptoms specific to B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Answer: Macrocytic; malabsorption; occurs when B12
is not released from food proteins due to impaired digestion; Elevated
MCV/Macrocytic;
Pernicious Anemia Answer: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to
absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
Destruction (Hemolytic anemia) Answer: anemia with elevated reticulocytes;
intrinsic and extrinsic
intrinsic hemolytic anemia (hereditary) Answer: - Abnormal hemoglobin
- Enzyme deficiencies (pyruvate kinase, G6PD)
- RBC membrane abnormalities: sickle cell anemia, thalassemia
extrinsic hemolytic anemia (acquired) Answer: (+) Coomb's
DIC: abnormal coags (prolonged PT/PTT)
TTP
HUS
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: dark urine worse in AM
hypersplenism
Traumatic 2/2 prosthetic valve;
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