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CHM 219 Module 5 2024/2025 With complete solutions latest update
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CHM 219 Module 5 2024/2025 With complete solutions latest update
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Chem 219Passed!!
2024/2025
CHM 219 Module 5
Alcohol Answer: Generic formula R-OH, defined by the presence of a
Hydroxyl group (-OH). Organic derivatives of water, as one of the hydrogen atoms
from the water molecule is replaced by an alkyl group.
Phenols Answer: Hydroxyl group directly attached to a benzene ring
Methyl Alcohol Answer: Only H atoms attached to the carbon bearing the-OH
group
Primary Alcohol Answer: one alkyl group attached to the carbon atom
bonded to the -OH group
Secondary Alcohol Answer: Two alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom
bonded to the -OH group
Tertiary Alcohol Answer: Three alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom
bonded to the -OH group
Boiling Point of Alcohols Answer: High due to Hydrogen bonding between the
positively charged H and negatively charged O
Water solubility of alcohols Answer: As the carbon chain length increases
alcohol becomes correspondingly less soluble in water.
, Chem 219
Passed!!
2024/2025
Alcohols Acidity/Basicity Answer: Can act as a weak base (accepting H+ using
a lone pair on the O atom) or weak acid (donating the O-H proton as H+)
Amphoteric Answer: a substance that can act as both an acid and a base
Alkoxide Ion Answer: conjugate base of an alcohol, very strong base
Alkyloxonium Ion Answer: The conjugate acid of the alcohol is often called a
protonated alcohol,
Dehydration Answer: Loss of water. An alcohol molecule will lose H2O to
form an ALKENE. Type of elimination reaction — lose the -OH from one C and H
atom from the adjacent C.
First step — alcohol acts as a base.
Tertiary alcohols - E1
Primary alcohols - E2
All dehydration begins with... Answer: Protonation of the alcohol group.
Order of ease of dehydration of alcohol substrates... Answer: 3>2>1
Tertiary require the least harsh conditions (typically 25% aqueous acid and 60-80
degrees C) whereas primary require fully concentrated acid and temperatures
approaching 200 degrees C.
If more than one alkene product is possible... Answer: The major product is
the one whose C=C has more alkyl groups attached.
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