Which of the following is most likely to promote transcription?
A.Phosphorylation (post-translational modification), activating a transcription factor.
B.Increased expression of microRNA.
C.Methylation of DNA (preventing transcription factor binding).
D.De-acetylation of DNA (tightening the connection between DNA and histones). -
A.Phosphorylation (post-translational modification), activating a transcription factor.
What is a dopaminergic neuron?
A.A neuron that produces dopamine
B.A neuron that produces a chemically modified form of dopamine
C.A neuron that receives input from a dopamine-producing neuron
D.A neuron that outputs onto a dopamine-producing neuron - A. A neuron that produces
dopamine
Gene X was just expressed. Which of the following doesn't explain why?
A.It's promoter binds to a transcription factor that's always active in that cell.
B.It's activity dependent - a transcription factor was activated (via phosphorylation),
which triggered it to move to the nucleus and bind to the promoter.
C.It's promoter unbinds to a complementary microRNA, freeing it for transcription. -
C.It's promoter unbinds to a complementary microRNA, freeing it for transcription.
Agonizing a postsynaptic Sodium (Na+) channel has what effect on voltage?
A.Causes IPSPs
B.Inhibits IPSPs
C.Causes EPSPs
D.Inhibits EPSPs - C.Causes EPSPs
Sodium plays what role in electrochemical signaling?
A.Sodium has little impact on voltage - instead, it primarily functions at the presynaptic
terminal to trigger the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
B.With a charge of -1, sodium induces an IPSP on the postsynaptic terminal.
C.With a charge of +1, sodium induces an EPSP on the postsynaptic terminal. - C.With
a charge of +1, sodium induces an EPSP on the postsynaptic terminal.
, Neurotransmitters : Neuropeptides : Hormones (which isn't true?)
A.Only affect adjacent synapse : only affect a small group of adjacent cells : affect cells
throughout the whole brain
B.Synthesized via enzymes at the synapse : synthesized via gene expression :
synthesized in peripheral tissues either via gene expression or enzymatic biosynthesis
C.Bind to receptors on the cell membrane : Bind to receptors inside the nucleus : Bind
to receptors on the cell membrane. - C.Bind to receptors on the cell membrane : Bind to
receptors inside the nucleus : Bind to receptors on the cell membrane
What determines whether a neuron will experience an action potential?
A.Any voltage change at any active synapse will drive an action potential.
B.Once a sufficient number of synapses are active in a short enough time frame, an
action potential will occur.
C.Once the appropriate sequence of receptors are opened (AMPA →NMDA), an action
potential will occur. D.When a sufficient number of biochemically-similar synapses
(same neurotransmitter/receptor) are active, an action potential is triggered. - B.Once a
sufficient number of synapses are active in a short enough time frame, an action
potential will occur.
6.AMPA : NMDA receptors (best answer)
A.Opened by glutamate (Ligand-gated) : opened by glutamate and excitatory
postsynaptic potential (EPSP) (Voltage- and Ligand-gated)
B.Opened by glutamate (Ligand-gated) : opened by glutamate and calcium influx
(Ligand- and chemically-gated)
C.Opened by glutamate and calcium influx (Ligand- and chemically-gated) : opened by
glutamate (Ligand-gated) - A.Opened by glutamate (Ligand-gated) : opened by
glutamate and excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) (Voltage- and Ligand-gated)
Which of the following factors are NOT important in evaluating any brain recording
technology?
A.Spatial Resolution B.Temporal Resolution C.Sporadic Resolution D.Breadth of
Measurement Type
E.Constraints Imposed on Psychology and Behavior - C.Sporadic Resolution
The protein used in calcium imaging has which two properties:
A.Sensor - binds calcium & Reporter - emits light.
B.Sensor - releases calcium & Reporter - evokes changes in potential.
C.Sensor - detects voltage & Actuator - releases calcium. D.Sensor - releases calcium
& Actuator - evokes changes in potential. - A.Sensor - binds calcium & Reporter - emits
light.
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