WGU D027 Objective Assessment) END OF ALL
UNITS COURSE MATERIALS QUESTIONS
CORRECTLY ANSWERED WITH RATIONALES.
What produces ADH?
✔✔Posterior pituitary -
The anterior pituitary gland produces a wide variety of hormones such as the
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin
(PRL), growth hormone (GH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
The hypothalamus also produces a number of hormones such as the
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), growth hormone-releasing and growth
inhibiting hormones (GHRH and GHIH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and oxytocin. The posterior
pituitary stores oxytocin and the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the
hypothalamus for later use. The complex interaction of feedback and
influence that the hypothalamus and pituitary glands have on each other is
generally referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary axis.
The thyroid gland hormones (T3 and T4) are regulated by __________.
✔✔TSH -
The thyroid-stimulating hormone directly regulates the release and the
resulting levels of circulating T3 and T4. Growth, adrenocorticotropic, and
follicle-stimulating hormones have no direct effects on the thyroid.
What do the pancreas beta cells produce?
✔✔Insulin -
,The pancreas is a very delicate and complex endo- and exocrine gland
comprised of different cells and structures designed for different functions.
The beta cells are responsible for the endocrinologic function and
production of insulin. Alpha cells produce glucagon while P cells produce
pancreatic polypeptide. Lipase is produced by many different organs of the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract, though the pancreas supplies the main source.
What do high levels of ADH cause?
✔✔SIADH -
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is
characterized by increasing intravascular volume, decreased urine
production, electrolyte disturbances, etc. It leads to acute medical
complications requiring treatment.
Which condition is indicated by a high level of TSH and low T4?
✔✔Hypothyroidism -
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which there is a dysregulation in the thyroid
performing its normal endocrine functions. The anterior pituitary senses low
circulating T4; this causes a feedback response for additional stimulation
resulting in the production of more thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
without the expected effects of raising T4.
What diagnosis results if a patient's anterior pituitary produces none of the
normal pituitary hormones?
✔✔Panhypopituitarism -
In panhypopituitarism, all hormones of the anterior pituitary are deficient:
ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, and prolactin.
,Which of the following symptoms is not indicative of metabolic syndrome?
✔✔Cachexia -
Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three of the five metabolic findings
are present: increased waist circumference or central obesity (males > 40
inches, females > 35 inches); triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl; HDL < 40 mg/dl
(males) or < 50 mg/dl (females); BP ≥ 130/85 mmHg; or fasting BG ≥ 100
mg/dl (McCance, p. 688).
What is occlusion of the capillaries due to diabetes called?
✔✔Microvascular disease -
Microvascular disease is primarily due to a long duration (10 or more years)
of poorly controlled DM, leading to capillary occlusion and resultant tissue
ischemia (retinal, renal, and neurological) (McCance, p. 695).
Which of the following is anorexia of aging associated with?
✔✔Poor dentition, decreased gastric emptying, and the effects of
medication -
Anorexia of aging is associated with decreased orexigenic signals, increased
anorexigenic signals, decreased gastric emptying, poor dentition,
loneliness, and functional impairments (McCance, p. 721).
A BMI greater than what indicates obesity?
✔✔30 kg/m2 -
Underweight is < 18.5 kg/m2. Normal weight is 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. Overweight
is 25-29.9 kg/m2. Obesity is ≥ 30 kg/m2. See "About Adult BMI" for more
information.
, Which term identifies the movement of blood into and out of the capillary
beds of the lungs to body organs and tissues?
✔✔Perfusion -
The actual delivery of blood with oxygen and nutrients around the body is
perfusion.
What is the mechanism of defense for the alveolar macrophages?
✔✔To ingest and remove bacteria from the alveoli by phagocytosis -
Pulmonary cilia are responsible for the entrapment and movement of large,
foreign particles from the air. The action of coughing propels collected
particles while alveolar macrophages work on the microscopic level to
eliminate bacteria from lung alveoli.
If an individual aspirates, where would a nurse expect abnormal breath
sounds?
✔✔Right lung -
In the anatomy of the lung, the right bronchus is at more of a vertical angle
than the left main stem bronchus. Therefore, when food or other foreign
bodies are inhaled or aspirated, the more likely path of travel is down
towards the right lung, resulting in abnormal breath sounds in that lobe
upon auscultation.
Besides a cough, the most common symptom of pulmonary disease is
__________.
✔✔dyspnea -
Patients with pulmonary pathology may not always have production or
sputum or any upper respiratory signs, especially if the etiology is of a
noninfectious nature or source. The rate of respiration could be either
