NR565 Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals
FINAL/MIDTERM EXAM
GRADED A+ 2024/25 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body,
metabolized, and excreted. - ANSWER Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the drug does to the body - ANSWER
Pharmacodynamics
Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
,Lipid solubility
pH partitioning - ANSWER Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity - ANSWER Factors Affecting Drug
Distribution
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds;
medications are a common example - ANSWER Xenobiotics
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and
steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism. - ANSWER
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or
hydrolyzed - ANSWER Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
,Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis - ANSWER Phase 1
Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active -
ANSWER Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating
CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the
concentration of the "parent drug" - ANSWER CYP450
Inducers
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450
enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the
"parent drug". - ANSWER CYP450 Inhibitors
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