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Organic chemistry

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  • Course
  • Physical Sciences
  • Institution
  • 12th Grade

Neatly summarized notes of the IEB Chemistry notes. Simple explanations with images of Organic chemistry, relevant reactions etc. Images and annotations to help in understanding. Easy to read. For grade 10 to 12 Chemistry at school.

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Document information

  • November 13, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • School teacher
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Subjects

  • chemistry

Written for

  • 12th Grade
  • Physical Sciences
  • 200
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY


CATENATION - when carbon bonds itself in long chains and rings


Molecular formula

Calls

Structural
FORMULA
H H H H
Condensed structure
H H CHCH CHCH

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES - a series of similar compounds, which have the same
functional group and the same general formula in which each member
differs from the previous one by a single CH 2 unit



FUNCTIONAL GROUP - an atom or group of atoms that form the centre of
chemical activity in the molecule



STRUCTURAL ISOMERS - have the same molecular formula but different
structural formula
Chain isomers



r
- Difference in structure of
Functional isomers chain (branching)

- Same molecular formula
but different functional
n STRUCTURAL
group ISOMERS
Positional isomers

- Functional group in
different positions on
parent chain

, HYDROCARBONS
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE FUNCTIONAL NAME GENERAL IMF POLARITY BOILING PROPERTIES
SERIES OF FUNC. GROUP ENDS IN FORMULA POINT
GROUP
ALKANES Carbon to - ane CnH2n+2 London Non- Lowest Do not
C C carbon - forces polar dissolve in
single bond water
EEÉ ALKENES Carbon to - ene CnH2n London Non- Lowest Do not
carbon - forces polar dissolve in
aa
double bond water
HALOALKANES *Whatever - ane London / Non- Low Do not
halogen it is or dipole- polar dissolve in
I - ene dipole water

ALCOHOLS Hydroxyl - ol - OH Hydrogen One end Higher Important
group bonds polar, one solvent for
OH end not fats & oils
Vaporise
readily
CARBOXYLIC
ACIDS
Carboxyl
group
- oic
acid
- COOH
H Hydrogen One end
bonds polar, one
Highest Good
solvents
0H end not
ESTERS Ester - oate - COOC Dipole- One end High Dissolve in
dipole polar, one water


t
o c end not


give
Ym a

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