PRITE FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
12 TO 14 YEARS (EARLY ADOLESCENCE)(STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN
SULLIVAN'S INTERPERSONAL THEORY) - Answer -Learning to form satisfactory
relationships with persons of the opposite sex; developing a sense of identity
Neuroanatomy - Answer -***Neuroanatomy
60 y/o right-handed M, getting lost, only writes on right half of paper. Left-sided hemi-
neglect. Where is the lesion? (8x)
*(w)Rights Partial= R Parietal - Answer -RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE
66 y/o with HTN develops vertigo, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, hiccups, L face
numbness, nystagmus, hoarseness, ataxia of limbs, staggering gait, and tendency to
fall to the left. Dx? (8x)
*Le MI PICcup Miself, Eye am Tipsi and my other side is numb - Answer -LATERAL
MEDULLARY STROKE
"78 y/o pt had an ischemic stroke that left him with a residual mild hemiplegia. Pt
appeared to be unaware that there was a problem of weakness on one side of this
body. When asked to raise the weak arm, the patient raised his normal arm. When the
failure to raise the paralyzed arm was pointed out to pt, he admitted that the arm was
slightly weak. He also neglects the side of the body when dressing and grooming. Pt did
not shave one side of his face, had difficulty putting a shirt on when it was turned inside
out. Area of brain likely affected by stroke? (4x)" - Answer -RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE
26 y.o. w/HA and R-hand clumsiness for weeks. Exam shows difficulty w/ rapid
alternating movements of hand, overt intention tremor on finger-to- nose, and mildly
dysmetric finger tamping. CNS intact and no papilledema. Where will damage show on
MRI? (4x) - Answer -CEREBELLUM
Adult neurogenesis in which area of the brain? (x2) - Answer -HIPPOCAMPUS
Previously pleasant mom becomes profane and irresponsible over 6 months. Most likely
a pathology in: (2x) - Answer -FRONTAL LOBE
Rapid onset of right facial weakness, left limb weakness, diplopia: (2x) - Answer -BRAIN
STEM INFARCTION
MRI scan of head reveals an infarct in distribution of left anterior cerebral artery. Pt most
likely exhibits: (2x) - Answer -WEAKNESS OF CONTRALATERAL FOOT AND LEG
,Neurogenesis in adult brain is restricted to what region of brain? - Answer -DENTATE
GYRUS (gyrus-generates dentrites/neurons)
bipolar has decreased connectivity here - Answer -AMYGDALA AND PFC
Biogenic amine made in Locus Coeruleus - Answer -NE
CNS response to fear mediated by what structure. - Answer -CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF
THE AMYGDALA
Brain area activated by subliminal presentations of emotional faces - Answer -
AMYGDALA
CNS region from where dopaminergic neurons projecting to caudate and putamen -
Answer -SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Area of brain responsible for face recognition - Answer -FUSIFORM GYRUS
area of brain to remember a number to make a phone call - Answer -DORSOLATERAL
PFC
Which part of cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic cortical circuit evaluates painful stimuli -
Answer -LATERAL ORBITOFRONTAL
The dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, striatum and are part of a loop circuit that produces
worry and obsessive symptoms - Answer -THALAMUS
blood-brain barrier is made up of this cell type? - Answer -ENDOTHELIAL
Orexin is made in what part of the brain? - Answer -HYPOTHALAMUS
So dopamine neurons in what system is primarily implicated in tasks related to cognitive
processing? - Answer -MESOCORTICAL "DA makes Me So Cognitive"
Which dopaminergic pathway includes the nucleus accumbens and mediates addiction
and associated behaviors? - Answer -MESOLIMBIC
Development of brain grey-matter volume peaks at what stage - Answer -LATE
CHILDHOOD
In a pt with hippocampus damage, what allows them to still learn new skills like playing
tennis? - Answer -BASAL GANGLIA
65 y/o pt has a stroke which causes him to fall. On exam, weakness of the right leg, with
only minor weakness of the right hand, no weakness of the face, no sensory deficit.
,Speech is not affected, but pt seems unusually quiet and passive. The stroke most likely
involves the: - Answer -LEFT ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
Hemisensory loss followed by pain and hyperpathia involving all modalities and
reaching the midline of trunk and head is most consistent with ischemia in the
distribution of which of the following arteries? - Answer -POSTERIOR CEREBRAL
Right-side palsy with equal involvement of the face, arm and leg combined with third
nerve palsy is most likely due to occlusion of a branch of which artery? - Answer -
POSTERIOR CEREBRAL
Bilateral lower extremity weakness, abulia, mutism, urinary incontinence are most likely
to result from occlusion of which of the following arteries? - Answer -ANTERIOR
CEREBRAL Artery
Pure sensory deficit extending to midline and involving face, arm, trunk, and leg caused
by lacunar infarct where? - Answer -LATERAL THALAMUS
Blocking R PCA (posterior cerebral artery) causes which visual disturbance? - Answer -
LEFT HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA
The clinical syndrome associated with occlusion of the cortical branch of the posterior
cerebral artery would result in which of the following? - Answer -HOMONYMOUS
HEMIANOPIA WITH ALEXIA WITHOUT AGRAPHIA (when extended to splenium of
corpus callosum)
28 y/o cocaine user complains of LBP, numbness in both legs and feet, thighs, buttocks,
abdomen, and says R leg is weak and clumsy, L leg is tired. Has urinary incontinence
and difficulty walking. Decreased light touch, pinprick, and temperature. Normal
vibration and proprioception. DTR is hard to elicit. Muscle tone is normal. Decreased
strength in B/L LE but worse on right. Diagnosis? - Answer -ANTERIOR SPINAL
ARTERY INFARCTION
Loss of ability to execute previously learned motor activities (which is not the result of
demonstrable weakness, ataxia or sensory loss) is associated with lesions of? - Answer
-LEFT PARIETAL CORTEX
Normal Romberg w/ eyes open but loses balance with eyes closed. Where is the
abnormality? - Answer -CEREBELLAR VERMIS
Motor speech paradigm activation task on fMRI - hyperactivity in right temporal lobe.
Damage is where? - Answer -CALCARINE FISSURE
Aphasia w/ effortful fragmented, non-fluent, telegraphic speech, is seen in a lesion
where? - Answer -POSTERIOR FRONTAL LOBE
, A pituitary tumor that protrudes through the diaphragmatic sella is most likely to cause?
- Answer -BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA
Conduction aphasia often occurs as a result of damage to which structure? - Answer -
ARCUATE FASCICULUS: (can't repeat phrases)
Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, unsteadiness, falls, headaches, mild facial weakness
and ipsilateral limb ataxia is most commonly associated with tumors in what locations? -
Answer -CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE
20 y/o with 1-year h/o bitemporal headaches, polydipsia, polyuria, and bulimia plus 2-
month h/o emotional outbursts, aggression, and transient confusion. Neuro exam
normal. What will MRI of brain show? - Answer -HYPOTHALAMIC TUMOR
"34 y/o M is referred for psychiatric evaluation 5 years after sustaining a head injury at
work. Prior to the accident, he was a stable, happily married man. Since the accident,
he has been described as overly talkative and restless. His wife divorced him because
he was acting irresponsibly, which also resulted in termination from his job.
Psychometric testing reveals that the man has average intelligence and no detectable
memory deficits. Pt's clinical presentation is most consistent with damage to which to
the following brain areas?" - Answer -FRONTAL LOBE
Pt reports headaches and peripheral visual loss. Visual field defects involving the
temporal fields of both eyes are detected. An MRI scan is likely to reveal? - Answer -A
MASS IN THE SELLA TURCICA
Unconsciousness can be induced by a small area of damage where? - Answer -
RETICULAR FORMATION
Acute onset of hemiballismus of LUE & LLE. MRI is most likely to show lesion located
where? - Answer -SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
Akinetic mutism can result from bilateral infarctions of which of the following structures: -
Answer -ANTERIOR CINGULATE GYRUS
"Which lesion causes bilateral coarse nystagmus worsening with visual fixation and
present with horizontal and vertical gaze?" - Answer -BRAINSTEM (vestibular nuclei:
nystagmus)
32 y/o pt 1-month hx of worsening headaches, episodic mood swings and occasional
hallucinations with visual, tactile and auditory content. CT head reveals tumor where: -
Answer -TEMPORAL LOBE
What does the cerebellum do in the human adult brain? - Answer -DIVERSE ROLES IN
MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND LEARNING (CereBeLluM= Coordinate Behavior
Learning & Movement)
