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NUR242 / NUR 242 EXAM 3 (LATEST 2024 / 2025): MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING CONCEPTS | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A - GALEN $8.99
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NUR242 / NUR 242 EXAM 3 (LATEST 2024 / 2025): MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING CONCEPTS | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A - GALEN
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NUR242 / NUR 242 EXAM 3 (LATEST 2024 / 2025): MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING CONCEPTS | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A - GALEN

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  • 13 november 2024
  • 43
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NUR242 / NUR 242 EXAM 3 (LATEST ): MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
CONCEPTS | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - GALEN


What is ventilation? - (ANSWER)the movement of air into and out of the lungs


What is perfusion? - (ANSWER)the circulation of blood through the lungs


What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? - (ANSWER)increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"


What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? - (ANSWER)decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"


What are elastic forces? - (ANSWER)lungs recoil due to elastin, collagen, fibrin


What are surface forces? - (ANSWER)surface tension due to water-air interface


What is airway resistance? - (ANSWER)opposition to flow caused by the forces of friction;
primarily determined by airway radius


What is the distensibility of the lungs? - (ANSWER)ease with which the lungs can be inflated


What is lung distensibility increased in? - (ANSWER)neonates and children;
emphysema

,What is lung distensibility decreased in? - (ANSWER)elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis


What is surfactant? - (ANSWER)complex substance lining the alveoli and smallest bronchioles
containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins which reduces surface tension throughout
the lungs, thereby contributing to its general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry


What produces surfactant? - (ANSWER)produced by the Type II alveolar cells


What is Ohm's law? - (ANSWER)velocity = driving force/resistance


What is Poiseuille law? - (ANSWER)resistance = (8 x viscosity x length) / (pi x radius^4)


What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? - (ANSWER)the resistance goes up


How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? - (ANSWER)the top of the lungs are more
distended and less compliant whereas the lower lung is small and highly compliant


What factors affect lung perfusion? - (ANSWER)lung capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius


What does hypoxia lead to? - (ANSWER)vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels


What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? - (ANSWER)pulmonary hypertension


What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? - (ANSWER)capillary permeability;

,surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion


What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? - (ANSWER)acidemia;
hyperthermia;
hypercarbia


What causes left shifts (increased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? - (ANSWER)alkalemia;
hypothermia;
hypocarbia


What is hypoxemia? - (ANSWER)deficient blood oxygen;
low PaO2;
low O2 saturation


What is hypoxia? - (ANSWER)decreased tissue oxygen


What is hypoxic hypoxia? - (ANSWER)decreased tissue oxygen caused by decreased
respirations


What is anemic hypoxia? - (ANSWER)decreased tissue oxygen caused by decreased hemoglobin


What is circulatory hypoxia? - (ANSWER)decreased tissue oxygen caused by decreased blood
flow


What is histotoxic hypoxia? - (ANSWER)decreased tissue oxygen caused by increased toxic
substance

, What is ischemia? - (ANSWER)greatly reduced or interrupted flow through the arterial system,
producing significant tissue hypoxia


What is hypercapnia? - (ANSWER)increased level of CO2 in the blood


What are S&S of acute hypoxia? - (ANSWER)dyspnea; restlessness; palpitations; agitation;
headache; tremors; diaphoresis; respiratory distress; cyanosis; tachypnea; tachycardia;
dysrhythmias; hypertension; lethargy; confusion to coma


What are some effects of hypercapnia? - (ANSWER)respiratory acidosis (decreased pH from
increase in CO2); lethargy and confusion; increased HR and BP; flushed skin; arrhythmias;
seizures; coma; death


What is dyspnea? - (ANSWER)subjective feeling of being SOB


What does dyspnea lead to? - (ANSWER)decreased sense of wellness which may cause
psychological and social consequences


What is the leading cause of cancer death? - (ANSWER)lung cancer


What is lung cancer most likely caused by? - (ANSWER)cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition


What are the manifestations of lung cancer? - (ANSWER)cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough
sputum);
hoarseness;
chest pain;
often disseminated (spread widely) at time of diagnosis

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