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Biology 201: Descent with Modification - A Darwinian View of Life

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York college diana Lipkind lecture 1 chapter 22 class notes

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  • November 14, 2024
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Biology 201: Descent with Modification - A Darwinian View of Life



Classification Systems

Aristotelian Classification

● Arranged species on a "scala naturae" (natural scale)
● Organized from simple to complex organisms

Linnaean Classification

● Developed by Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
● Nested classification system
● Hierarchical grouping of species
● Taxonomy Levels (from specific to general):
1. Species
2. Genus
3. Family
4. Order
5. Class
6. Phylum
7. Kingdom


Darwin's Revolutionary Theory
Key Influences on Darwin

● Research Background:
○ Studied medicine and theology
○ Naturalist on HMS Beagle (5-year voyage)
○ Collected specimens worldwide

Galápagos Islands Observations

● Unique animal species
● Species resembled South American mainland organisms
● Finch beak variations adapted to different food sources

Natural Selection Principles

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