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GENITOURINARY NCLEX STUDY GUIDE
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GENITOURINARY NCLEX STUDY GUIDE
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GENITOURINARY NCLEX STUDY GUIDEAcute Glomerulonephritis - Answers- Sudden inflammation of the Glomerulus, result
from an infection of the skin or Strep. Causes the Glomerulus membrane to thicken so it
doesn't filter.
Symptoms of Acute Glomerulonephritis - Answers- Will show high protein and RBC's in
the urine-S & S: Flank pain, headache, malaise, anorexia, COLA-COLORED
"SMOKEY" URINE and decrease in amount of urine (oliguria). FACIAL EDEMA MAY BE
THE FIRST SIGN.
Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Answers- This condition results from Acute
Glomerulonephritis which has not been treated. Kidneys deteriorate and failure
develops.
Symptoms of Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Answers- Urine starts out looking like Cola,
then turns back to pale yellow because kidneys are not working (filtering) anymore.
Development of Gout (Uremia).
Symptoms of Uremia - Answers- Slurred speech, Ataxia (lack of coordination while
performing voluntary movements), Tremors, Pruritus (itching), and skin eruptions.
Renal Biopsy Nursing Care - Answers- Done on abdomen. Remain in bed for two
hours. Maintain pressure on the biopsy site for 10 minutes and observe for bleeding. -
Infection:Elevated Temperature, changes in Urine Output.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Range - Answers- 7-22 mg/dL
Serum Creatinine Range - Answers- 0.6-1.35 mg/dL (< 2 in older adults)
Specific Gravity - Answers- 1.010-1.030
Medications/ Diets for Glomerulonephritis - Answers- Diuretics and Antihypertensives-
Restriction of Protein and Sodium.
Goodpasture Syndrome - Answers- autoimmune disease: a condition in which the
body's own defense system reacts against some part of the body itself-the immune
system makes antibodies that attack the lungs and kidneys.
Pulmonary damage Symptoms - Answers- Hematuria, proteinuria, edema, renal failure,
pulmonary hemorrhage, cough, SOB, hemoptysis.
Plasmapheresis - Answers- Remove the harmful antibodies from the blood-a patient's
blood is drawn, about 300 ml at a time, and placed in a centrifuge to separate the red
and white blood cells from the plasma. The cells are then placed in a plasma substitute
and returned to the body.
, Medications for Goodpasture Syndrome - Answers- Corticosteroids,
Immunosuppressive drugs, and plasmapheresis- to keep the immune system from
making antibodies
Nephrotic Syndrome - Answers- combination of many conditions- S/S: pallor, anorexia,
edema.
Nephrotic Syndrome Nursing Care - Answers- Bed rest, change positions frequently,
daily wt, provide protein (eggs,meat, dairy), low sodium, low saturated fats.
Polycystic Kidney Disease - Answers- Inherited-which many cysts form in the kidneys,
causing them to become enlarged.
Nephrons - Answers- Regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like
sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as
urine-eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure,
controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH.
Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease - Answers- Distended abdomen, Bright-red or
cola colored urine (cystic rupture), dysuria, nocturia, cloudy or foul-smelling urine
(infection), Visual disturbance, anorexia.
Complications of PKD - Answers- Cysts, rupture of "berry aneurysms" causing
(Subarachnoid hemorrhage) bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues
that cover the brain.
Hydronephrosis - Answers- Obstructions in the urinary flow-Urine accumulation in the
renal pelvis to cause kidney to enlarge and can damage blood vessels and renal
tubules.
Hydroureteronephritis - Answers- Obstructions lower in the urinary tract caused by
urine accumulation can cause bladder distention.
Nursing Care for Percutaneous Nephrostomy or Ureterostomy Tubes - Answers- -Do
not clamp or irrigate. - If bilateral tubes, record amount and color of urine output from
each tube. -Ask client if they are voiding normally even with tube in.
Acute Pyelonephritis - Answers- Bacterial infection in the Kidney or Renal Pelvis- (UTI):
E. coli, Staphylococcus.
Symptoms for Acute Pyelonephritis - Answers- Low-grade fever, Chills, Hematuria,
Abdominal discomfort, Back pain or flank, N/V, Tachycardia, Tachypnea.
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