Ensure you understand one of the most sophisticated areas of respiratory care with Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 8th Edition! Known for its simple explanations and in-depth coverage of patient-ventilator management, this evidence-based text walks you thr...
of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
into the cells.
fh fh fh
DIF: 1 REF: f h pg. 3 fh
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
a. Red blood cells and body cells fh fh fh fh fh
b. Scalenes and trapezius fh fh
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary fh fh
capillaries
d. External oblique and fh fh
transverse abdominal muscles f h f h
ANS: C fh
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
muscles of expiration.
fh fh fh
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DIF: 1 REF: f h pg. 3 fh
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
following?
fh
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B fh
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
fh fh fh fh fh fh
from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
DIF: 1 REF: f h pg. 4 fh
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
.
a. - 1 cm H2O fh fh fh
b. + 1 cm H2O fh fh fh
c. 0 cm H2O fh fh
d. 5 cm H2O fh fh
ANS: A fh
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f h
spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2O.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
DIF: 1 REF: f h pg. 3 fh
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
which of the following?
fh fh fh fh
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) fh fh fh
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) fh fh
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) fh fh
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d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) fh fh
ANS: D fh
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA ) is
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate the
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
lungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
DIF: 1 REF: f h pg. 3 fh
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
(PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
a. 7 cm H2O fh fh
b. 30 cm H2O fh fh
c. 40 cm H2O fh fh
d. 175 cm H2O fh fh
ANS: B fh
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the pressure
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
required to overcome airway resistance during mechanical
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
DIF: 2 REF: f h pg. 3 fh
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh
which of the following?
fh fh fh fh
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance fh
d. Distending pressure fh
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