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NAU BIO 181 Exam with Questions and Answers| Latest Update
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NAU BIO 181 Exam with Questions and Answers| Latest Update
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NAU BIO 181 Exam with Questions and Answers|Latest Update
Cell Theory - ✔✔All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the
smallest units of life, new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division
Single-celled - ✔✔Most bacteria
Multi celled - ✔✔such as plants, animals, and most fungi's
Prokaryotic cells - ✔✔bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic cells - ✔✔protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Prokaryotic cell structure - ✔✔
Eukaryotic cell structure - ✔✔
All cells have... - ✔✔Plasma membrane, cytosol, 1 or more chromosomes, ribosomes, and
cytoskeleton
Cytosol - ✔✔a semiliquid substance that composes the volume of a cell. Cytoplasm is the
gel-like material enclosed by the plasma membrane.
Ribosomes - ✔✔Consist of RNA molecules and protein. Used for protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - ✔✔a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. Provides
mechanical support to the cell and helps a cell maintain it's shape.
, Flagella - ✔✔propel the cell through their whiplike motion.
Cilia - ✔✔move in a coordinated back and forth motion
Cell Wall - ✔✔forms a protective exoskeleton. Made of large carbohydrates
Fimbriae - ✔✔Needlelike projections that promote attachment to other cells or surfaces in
prokaryotic cells
Three KEY differences between euk. and prok. cells - ✔✔Eukaryotic cells are usually larger,
prok. chromosomes are in a nucleoid region, eukaryotic chromosomes are enclosed in a
nucleus, eukaryotic cytoplasm is compartmentalized into a larger number of distinct organelles
Ribosomes (euk.) - ✔✔MAKE PROTEINS
Endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔Rough and smooth ER.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔Synthesizes proteins, have ribosomes on it
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids needed by the
organism, break down lipids and other molecules that are poisonous
Golgi Apparatus - ✔✔Sorting what ER is making and decides where everything goes in the
cell
Lysosomes - ✔✔recycling centers found only in ANIMAL CELLS
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