USAHS Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct 100% Verified
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USAHS Pathophysiology
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USAHS Pathophysiology
USAHS Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct 100% Verified
What are the four types of vesicular transport? - Answer- 1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. Transcytosis
What is endocytosis? - Answer- Process by which cells absorb external material by engu...
USAHS Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam
Questions and Answers All Correct
100% Verified
What are the four types of vesicular transport? - Answer- 1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. Transcytosis
What is endocytosis? - Answer- Process by which cells absorb external material by
engulfing it with the cell membrane
What is exocytosis? - Answer- Process by which cells expel large materials from inside
the cell to the outside of the cell using vesicles
What is phagocytosis? - Answer- Process by which a cell engulfs particles in large
vesicles via use of actin microfilaments and myosin motor proteins
What is transcytosis? - Answer- Process by which a cell uses vesicles to cross an
epithelium
Active transport moves substances ____ their concentration gradients. - Answer-
against
What is primary (direct) active transport? - Answer- Type of active transport that uses
ATP directly
What is secondary (indirect) active transport? - Answer- Type of active transport that
uses potential energy stored in concentration gradients of one molecule to push another
molecule against its gradient
What are four types of primary active transporters? - Answer- 1. Na+-K+-ATPase
(sodium-potassium pump)
2. Ca2+-ATPase
3. H+-ATPAse or proton pump
4. H+-K+-ATPase
Define membrane potential - Answer- Electrical disequilibrium between ECF and ICF;
the difference in electrical charges inside and outside of the cell
, Define resting membrane potential - Answer- Steady state; ICF has a net negative
charge and ECF has a net positive charge; inside of the cell is more NEGATIVELY
charged at rest compared to the outside; -70 mV
What causes a change in the resting membrane potential? - Answer- Changes in ion
permeability
What might happen as a result of changes in the resting membrane potential? - Answer-
- depolarization
- repolarization
- hyperpolarization
What happens during depolarization? - Answer- Sodium flows into the cell therefore
making the inside of the cell less negative (more positive)
What happens during repolarization? - Answer- Potassium flows out of the cell therefore
making the inside of the cell more negative (less positive)
What happens during hyperpolarization? - Answer- When the inside of the cell becomes
more negative than the resting membrane potential due to potassium continuing to
leave the cell
How does the sodium-potassium pump maintain the resting membrane potential? -
Answer- Removes Na+ that leaks into the cell and returns K+ that has leaked out
What are some causes of cell injury? - Answer- - genetic defects
- nutritional imbalances
- physical agents
- aging
- oxygen deprivation
- chemical agents
- infectious agents
- immunologic reactions
Sickle cell anemia and various metabolic diseases are examples of which cause of cell
injury? - Answer- Genetic defects
Protein-calorie insufficiency, vitamin deficiencies, obesity, and animal fat are examples
of which cause of cell injury? - Answer- Nutritional imbalances
Trauma, radiation, electric shock, and extreme temperatures are examples of which
cause of cell injury? - Answer- Physical agents
Cellular senescence is an example of which cause of cell injury? - Answer- Aging
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