A. liver.
B. pancreas.
C. gallbladder.
D. biliary ducts Correct Answer The liver breaks down red
blood cells, producing bile pigments.
Which laboratory value reveals cell injury or damage?
A. Bilirubin
B. Alkaline phosphatase
C. Aspartate aminotransferase
D. Alanine aminotransferase Correct Answer Aspartate
aminotransferase
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme present
in many kinds of tissues releasing when cells are injured
or damaged. Levels are proportional to the amount of
damage and the time between cell injury and testing.
A beaded appearance to the intrahepatic ducts is a
sonographic finding in which of the following conditions?
,A. Caroli disease
B. Bouveret syndrome
C. Budd-Chiari syndrome
D. Courvoisier syndrome Correct Answer Caroli disease
demonstrates a segmental, saccular, or beaded
appearance to the intrahepatic biliary ducts.
A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
generally connects which of the following?
A. Right portal vein and the inferior vena cava
B. Right hepatic vein and right portal vein
C. Middle hepatic vein and the left portal vein
D. Left hepatic vein and left portal vein Correct Answer
Right hepatic vein and right portal vein
TIPS generally connects the right hepatic vein and right
portal vein.
Which of the following conditions is associated with
secondary subacute thyroiditis?
A. Grave's disease
B. Mirizzi syndrome
C. Hashimoto disease
D. de Quervain syndrome Correct Answer de Quervain
syndrome is associated with subacute thyroiditis
secondary to a viral infection. Hashimoto disease is a
progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the
thyroid gland.
,Hyperparathyroidism may lead to which of the following
renal pathologies?
A. Multicystic dysplasia
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Acute tubular necrosis Correct Answer Nephrolithiasis
Excessive function of the parathyroid glands may lead to
osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis.
Fifty percent of neuroblastomas appear prior to what age?
A. 6 months to 1 year
B. 1 to 2 years
C. 2 to 3 years
D. 5 years or less Correct Answer 1 - 2 years
Fifty percent of neuroblastomas occur prior to 1 to 2 years
of age. A nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) occurs at 5
years of age or less.
Acute tubular necrosis demonstrates on ultrasound as
A. a unilateral small hypoechoic kidney.
B. bilateral renal enlargement with hypoechoic renal
pyramids.
C. unilateral renal enlargement with absent renal
pyramids.
D. bilateral renal enlargement with hyperechoic renal
pyramids Correct Answer Bilateral renal enlargement with
, hyperechoic renal pyramids is the classic sonographic
finding associated with acute tubular necrosis.
The protective connective tissue surrounding each kidney
is termed
A. renal fascia.
B. renal capsule.
C. Gerota's fascia.
D. perinephric fat Correct Answer The renal capsule is a
protective connective tissue surrounding each kidney.
Gerota's or renal fascia is the fibrous covering of tissue
surrounding each kidney.
Sonographic findings associated with pyelonephritis
include
A. hydronephrosis.
B. hypoechoic renal sinus.
C. ill-defined renal capsule.
D. well-defined renal pyramids. Correct Answer well-
defined renal pyramids
Generalized or focal swelling of the kidney demonstrating
well-defined renal pyramids is the typical sonographic
finding associated with pyelonephritis.
Extended use of oral contraceptives is a predisposing
factor in developing which of the following hepatic
neoplasms?
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