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NCLEX 2024/2025 Exam Review (RN) Genitourinary system
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NCLEX 2024/2025 Exam Review (RN) Genitourinary system
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NCLEX 2024/2025 Exam Review (RN)Genitourinary system
abdominal x-ray? - ANSWER-a flat x-ray plate is placed over the abdomen, and an x-
ray is taken. The kidneys, ureters, and bladder are visualized to assess size and
portion. Calcified deposit can be identifies. This test is painless and require no
preparation.
Abnormal diagnostic findings with Pyelonephritis? - ANSWER-- UA is positive for red
blood cells, white blood cells, casts and bacteria.
- Intravenous pyelogram reveals enlargement of the involved kidney.
Active transport? - ANSWER-Requires energy. Most positive ions, glucose and amino
acids are actively reabsorbed from the tubules into the surrounding capillaries.
Acute renal failure? - ANSWER-The sudden and potentially reversible loss of the
kidney's ability to excrete urine and nitrogenous waste products and to maintain fluid
and acid-base balance. If inadequately treated, permanent damage can occur and
cause chronic renal failure.
ADH? - ANSWER-either stimulated or inhabited according to these serum levels to
regulate the fluid balance.
Afferent arterioles? - ANSWER-Blood enters the glomerulus under high pressure via the
afferent arteriole.
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy? - ANSWER-Common in men over the age of 50. It is an
enlargement of the prostate gland that causes partial or complete obstruction of the
urethra. Signs and symptoms include urgency, frequency with alternating hesitancy
during urination, nocturia, hematuria, retention, voiding small amounts, enlarged
prostate gland upon palpitation.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)? - ANSWER-Is a measure of the nitrogen fraction of urea,
the end product of protein metabolism. An elevated level results from insufficient
secretion and an increase in nitrogenous waste products in the blood. This condition is
called azotemia. Normal values 10-20 mg/dL.
Calcium stone diet? - ANSWER-Reduced dairy products with acid ash foods such as
meat, whole grains, cranberry juice and prunes.
Causes of chronic renal failure? - ANSWER-- acute renal failure
- nephrotoxic agents
- metabolic disease
- destruction of renal blood vessels due to hypertension or diabetes
, - recurrent infections of the urinary tract.
Causes of renal failure? - ANSWER-Pre-renal causes: are outside of the kidney and
affects structures that supply the kidney.
Renal causes: are structural to the kidney itself.
Post-renal causes: mainly due to obstruction within the urinary tract (beyond the
kidney).
Chronic Renal Failure? - ANSWER-progressive, irreversible deterioration of renal
function that can end in fatal uremia unless dialysis or kidney transplantation is
performed.
Collecting duct? - ANSWER-Primary location for water reabsorption (increases urine
concentration).
cortex of kidney? - ANSWER-outer layer of kidney contains glomeruli, proximal tubules,
and distal tubules.
Creatine clearance test? - ANSWER-the best indicator of the kidney's filtration function.
It measures the amount of creatine filtered by glomeruli over a 24-hour period.
Creatine? - ANSWER-Is a specific indicator of renal function, because renal impairment
or failure is virtually the only cause for its elevation. Usually viewed with the BUN serum
level to obtain a broad view of kidney function. Normal value is 0.7-1.6 mg/dL.
Cystoscopy? - ANSWER-A lighted scope is inserted through the urethra for direct
visualization of the bladder. The scope may be used to resect tumors, biopsy the
bladder, remove stones, cauterize bleeding areas, or implant radium seeds.
Cystourethrogram? - ANSWER-A catheter is inserted via the urethra and radiopaque
dye is injected. While the client voids, x-rays are taken. The bladder and urethra are
visualized.
Decreased hematocrit levels are because? - ANSWER-seen in clients with renal failure
because low erythropoietin secretion. Normal values range from 40-47%.
Desired outcomes of patients with glomerulonephritis? - ANSWER--Client drinks 8
glasses of water every day.
- Client complies with the prescribed high-calorie, high carbohydrate, low-protein, and
low-sodium diet.
- Edema is reduced, correlating with daily intake and output and weights.
- Blood pressure is controlled with antihypertensive such as clonidine, hydralazine,
methyldopa, and with diuretics like furosemide
- Bed rest is maintained until hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension subside.
- Client discusses the importance of prompt treatment for signs and symptoms of
glomerulonephritis, sore throats, and respiratory infections.
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