Intro. To Clinical Pharmacology - Chapter 4 - Key Terms
Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Latest
Update 2024/2025.
absorption - ANSWER the process by which a drug enters the body and passes into the body
fluids and tissues; occurs through diffusion, filtration, or osmosis
additive effect - ANSWER when two drugs are given together, the combined effect of the drugs
is equal either to the more active drug or to the sum of the effects of the individual drugs
adverse reaction - ANSWER unexpected and undesirable symptoms or problems that arise
because of a medication. The more severe reactions often require hospitalization and may cause death
agonists - ANSWER drugs that bond well with receptor sites in the patient's body and activate
the receptor, producing an action similar to that of the body's own chemicals
allergy - ANSWER acquired sensitivity or heightened immune response to a drug or a foreign
substance (antigen)
anaphylactic reaction - ANSWER life-threatening allergic reaction to medication so severe that
the patient has difficulty breathing and may have cardiovascular collapse
antagonistic effect - ANSWER when two drugs are given together, one drug interferes with the
action of the other
antagonists - ANSWER agents that attach at a receptor site but then produce no new chemical
reaction; prevent activation of the receptor, stopping other chemical reactions from occurring
bioequivalent - ANSWER products that are chemically identical and so are interchangeable
biotransformation - ANSWER metabolic process by which medication is gradually broken down,
primarily in the liver, through complex chemical reactions until it becomes chemically inactive
chemical name - ANSWER the name for a drug that describes the chemical composition and the
atomic or molecular structure
desired action - ANSWER the expected response of a medication
displacement - ANSWER when two drugs are given together, one drug replaces another at the
drug receptor site, increasing the effect of the first drug
distribution - ANSWER the extent to which drugs have moved from circulating body fluids to
their sites of action in the body
drug interaction - ANSWER a change in the effect of a drug when it is administered with food or
another drug; may increase or decrease the action of the drug
enteral (route) - ANSWER administration of a drug directly into the gastrointestinal tract
through the mouth, nasogastric tube, or rectum
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